Project Report on Career Mangement Essay

In recent years, however,  career  now refers to changes or modifications in employment during the foreseeable future Career Management Career Management  is the combination of structured  planning  and the active  management  choice of one’s own professional  career. It includes 1. Development of overall goals and objectives, 2. Development of a strategy (a general means to accomplish the selected goals/objectives), 3. Development of the specific means (policies, rules, procedures and activities) to implement the strategy, and 4. To understand the career management process †¢ To find out the role of individual in career management ; how an individual make this process better. †¢ To know the organizational role I the process of career management Today with intense competition everywhere, coupled with economic changes, companies are aggressively pursuing the strategies for downsizing, outsourcing, and synergy through alliances. Pursuing strategies that result in loss of jobs is a distressing experience – both for those who get the axe and the people who are still with the company. It is in context of this corporate reality that career management assume more significance Methodology and Research Design The study attempts to understand the organization ; individual role in managing the career stages through which an average individual passes. The research methodology, which I have chosen, is deductive in which primary data collected by Questionnaire which is composed have close ended and open ended questions ; secondary data is collect by means of net ; libraries. The Career Management process The process begins with the goal setting then further stages making is shape. Goals/objectives Development The career management process begins with setting goals/objectives. A relatively specific goal must be formulated. This task may be quite difficult when the individual lacks knowledge of career opportunities and/or is not fully aware of their talents and abilities. However, the entire career management process is based on the †¢ Short term goals (one or two years) are usually much more specific and limited in scope. Short terms goals are, of course, are easier to formulate. †¢ Intermediate goals (3 to 5 years) tend to be less specific and more open ended than short term goals. Long term goals are the most fluid of all. Lack of life experience and knowledge about potential opportunities make the formulation of long term goals difficult. †¢ Making  career  choices and decisions †¢ Managing the organizational career – concerns the career management tasks of individuals within the  workplace, such as decision-making, life-stage transitions, dealing with stress etc. Taking control of one’s personal development – as employers take less responsibility, employees need to take control of their own development in order to maintain and enhance their employability. Stages of career management Career formation starts during school years and ends at the retirement age five career stages regardless of occupation can be identified as, The exploration stage This stage en ds for most individuals as they make transition from formal education programs to work. The grueling pressure and competition have left youngsters unprogrammed, exhausted, cynical, and chronically anxious about their future instead of being most optimistic and hopeful. Educational psychologists tell us that they are seeing record number of teenagers who are overwhelmed by the pressure and paralyzed by the tremendous number of choices available to them The establishment stage The period begins with the search for work and includes getting the first job, being accepted by your peers, learning the job, and gaining the first tangible evidence of success and failure in the â€Å"real world†. It begins with uncertainties and anxieties, feeling of excitement and fear and is, indeed, dominated by two problems: finding a â€Å"niche† and â€Å"making your mark† Although the specific causes of early career disappointments vary from person to person, some general causes have been identified. Studies of the early career problems of young managers typically find that those who experience frustrations are victims of â€Å"reality shock† (Ivancevich, 2004). These young managers perceive a mismatch between what they thought the organization was and what it actually is. Young professionals enter an organization with technical knowledge but often without an understanding of the organization’s demands and expectations one reason for this could be that the new recruits are not provided with realistic job preview during the recruiting process. A realistic job preview provides the prospective employee with pertinent information about the job without exaggeration. Organization role during this period could be in the area of socializing, orienting and mentoring of new recruits. When we talk about socializing, and developing employees, referring to a process of helping new employees adapt to their new organization, to get them to become fully productive, thus helping them to develop their self-efficacy level. However in this stage individuals have yet to reach their peak productivity. The organizations role here would be to provide an array of services, like career guidance and training . Training involves change of skills, knowledge, attitudes or behavior to help individuals to improve their ability to perform the job effectively and efficiently. Training thus helps them to reduce the stress that arises due to personal inadequacy. Mid- Career stage This is a period when individuals continue their performance, or level off, or begin to deteriorate. The mid level executive experiences certain pressures, Haider & Supriya 187 which is unique because of the position he occupies in the organization The growing managers display a high need for self-actualization. They seek opportunities enabling them to use their skills and knowledge to reach their creative potential. A study of Indian Industries by Nanjanath et. al. 1980) has found that, of all the factors contributing to managerial effectiveness, the individual qualities of the managers top the list. The third option for mid-career deals with the employee whose performance begins to deteriorate. This stage for this kind of employee is characterized by loss of both interest and productivity at work Loss of productivity and managerial effectiveness has been reported to be a function of personal and environmental factors. Organizational roles play an important part in increasing the individual’s effectiveness in an organization. Increased decision-making enhances the meaningfulness; employees find in work and provide them greater sense of autonomy, responsibility, certainty, control and ownership. Continued growth and high performance are not the only successful outcomes at this stage. Maintenance is another possible outcome of the mid-career stage. The organizational role here would be providing sensitivity training exercises, by getting survey feedback from employees to identify discrepancies if any, or simply moving them to another position in the organization. This can work to boost morale and productivity. Decline Stage The decline or late stage in one’s career is difficult for just about everyone, but, ironically, is probably hardest on those who have had continued successes in the earlier stages. After decades of continued achievements and high level of performance, the time has come for retirement. These individual step out of the limelight and relinquish a major component of their identity. Educational workshops and seminars and counseling sessions are an invaluable way to help the pre-retirement persons make the transition from work to retirement. Organizational efforts must include programs to facilitate pursuing careers financial planning, promotion of individual retirement programs and a comprehensive educational programs Back (1969) has suggested that the more the retirement is looked upon as a change to new status, the better the transition will be accomplished. Career management largely an individual’s responsibility If on one hand competition and cost economics are spreading insecurity in jobs and on the other hand competition and evolution of new industries which were nonexistent a couple of decades ago are opening a plethora of pportunities for the individuals to choose from. New opportunities and accompanying threats make the job markets extremely unpredictable. In such an uncertain environment, it is ultimately the responsibility of the individual to decide and make choices to pursue a desired career. Personal ambitions coupled with emerging business trends are increasingly shaping the career choice of the pe ople. An organization can at best support an individual’s aspirations if in line with its business goals. With this view of careers in today’s environment, an individual needs to change the way jobs have traditionally been looked at. A job is not merely a means of earning money, it must be viewed by the individuals as an opportunity for learning, so that when you are doing a job to fulfill you responsibility for the company, you are also strengthening your skills required to develop your career. Career management thus is primarily an individual responsibility. It is a life long process for an individual, where he continuously learns about his purpose, personality, skills and interests. [pic] An individual must continuously review learning from his assignments and try to develop alternate perspectives of the job, which helps in enriching ones’ experience. Also a periodic relook at the job and the company along with the opportunities available outside will definitely help an individual in giving boost to his career advancement. Finally, one must take some time at some important milestones to assess his progress against the long term goals a review gives an opportunity for the individual to refine clarity on long term goals, which in turn will affect his further course of action. Following points will be of immense help for an individual: †¢ Taking a long term view of where one wants to be †¢ Accept short term trade offs for long term benefits (low pay offer or some lateral move, which are vital for career development and contact building) †¢ Judicious decision between specialized jobs and isolated jobs †¢ Building the right connections – both inside and outside the firm †¢ Assess oneself honestly †¢ Keep abreast of changes and capture first mover advantage †¢ Plan our exit (timing, convenience and dignity) [pic] Challenge for HR matching career aspirations with business needs Employee loyalty to the company is higher when the job fulfills intrinsic needs and personal goals of the employees. By assisting an individual in planning his career and providing opportunities for career development, an organization can ensure higher loyalty and productivity from employees. Challenge for HR professional is to match and support career expectation of performers with organizational requirements.

Printed Books vs. E-Books Essay

We are currently in an environment where more people are reading online newspapers, books and magazines than ever before†¦ No longer do we need to sit on the train or bus getting inky fingers while trying to tentatively turn the page of the paper in the crowded carriage, nor are we lumbered by having to carry around our books or magazines all day long. Instead, with a quick flick of a switch on our e-reader, tablet or mobile device, we are instantly able to access a vast array of literature, idle gossip and daily news, all in an easily readable, bright and vivid way. We do not need to fret about adequate lighting, or if our paper is causing our seated neighbor an annoyance on the morning journey, we no longer worry about forgetting to buy our favourite magazine or pick up the novel from the bedside table. Regardless of all this, the question arises: Do we need print books or newspapers anymore? Asked about reading text files on a handheld device, defenders of print proclaim their love for the printed word, the feel of the paper, the experience of holding, owning and reading a physical book. They also say that a physical book is something one can take pleasure in, just seeing it on their shelf. They also mention that reading on electronic devices has bad impact on eyes, that it is tiring for eyes. Other advantage of printed books is their accessibility. The fact of the matter is that the majority of people in the world don’t have Internet access. But people in favor of e-books have different opinion on this topic. First advantage of digital books is portability. The wonderful thing about electronic text is that it takes up virtually no room, in both a physical and digital sense. If we have a storage card, we can walk around with at least a dozen books, and probably many more than that. Even if we don’t have a storage card, you can still walk around with a fair collection of three to six books (again, depending on book size and available memory). In many situations it’s hard to carry even one book around with you. The storage abilities of most e-books allow readers to carry a reasonable collection of reading materials and/or reference texts. Second point in favor of e-books is variety of features. For starters, since most e-books are in some form of digital text file, we can search the text for words or phrases. This is helpful when we want to find a quote or another specific section of the book. This can cut minutes, if not hours, off of wild goose chases for particular passages. Additionally, digital formats can be duplicated forever without decay or any real expense. This duplication ability can make it possible for us to share books with our friends without ever having to actually give up one of our possessions. Of course, assuming copy protection doesn’t get in the way. Next advantage mentioned by e-books followers is that they are in fact easy to read. The electronic format offers readers even more benefits over traditional paper books. eBooks can be read in a variety of lighting situations, and due to the backlighted screens that most Palm computers have, we can read an ebook in most low or no light situations, such as on the subway, during nighttime road trips, or in bed when we don’t want to disturb your partner. Also, the readability of an e-book won’t degrade over time. The pages won’t crumble because of high acid content, the binding can never break, and there can be no variations in the ink. Despite being criticized for their inconvenience and for being hard to read, e-books are often more convenient than their paper based counterparts. Regardless of future developments in e-reading technology, I think the book market will have plenty of room for paper books for quite some time, they won’t be replaced, like vinyl records have not been supplanted by CD’s. There always will be people who will buy printed book.

To Build or Buy a Small Business

402 Small Business Professor, Ricardo Toye| To Build or Buy | Week 4 Assignment 1| Cornelius Gaskins 1/22/2013 | Craft a brief (1-2 pages) strategy for a business concept that would directly compete with the small business you selected. Explain the rationale for the strategy in detail. â€Å"It Bakes Good,† with a delicious flavor that is sure to please. Watching customer’s satisfaction is the goal. Developing a Bakery as a counter business with a competitive strategy to navigate through barriers set up by existing Bakeries is the plan at hand. The initial bakery is deals with astries, breads, croissants and coffee, teas and other beverages. Also you can read  Business Ethics Comprises This new business strategy involves a similar menu with other cooked foods served at breakfast, lunch and dinner from soups, salads, potato dishes, sea foods and beef dishes. The floor plan will include a rail like leader to guide the people through the food ordering line. The pickup counter will be positioned away from the ordering line to give customers quick access to sitting if they have not already chosen their seating. The food menu will sit on the wall above the ordering counter in big letters easy to read among picturesque background to add a serene touch of comfort while the customers enjoy their meals. The beverage counter will be located in an area away from eating customers yet close by to allow access to water, coffee and other drinks. The location of the business will be in the inner city in a high density area, well lighted, with street parking and clean sidewalks. The building exterior will be freshly painted with freshly installed windows allowing both customers on t he inside to see out and people passing by the clear view of seeing within. Large colorful neon lights will advertise the business at night and day.The Bakery will operate as a Partnership. Three Partners will initially start the business although others may join at a later time. It is projected that the initial investment of the partners will be enough to start and operate the business for at least six months while additional investment capital can be sought after and obtained. This plan is looking to find a niche in the current business district to both serve eat and go customers while providing doggie bags for the same and catering to those customers who want to take their purchases home. I will be open to the possibility of selling ingredients for those ustomers who may be interested. The rationale behind this new business is to appeal to the customer base having cooked food on the menu that is freshly cooked served on china and eaten with silverware. The aim is to provide an at home environment with a touch of fast food convenience. Determine if it would make more sense to open the new business you describe or to purchase the existing business you selected. Explain your reasoning. The option of buying the existing business has the appeal of adding the menu additions and the dinning room modifications to this business.Would the temporary modifications lose money for the new owners while the remodeling is done or could regular operations continue? Would the business changing from the existing business to a Partnership have an impact on the bottom line? Or would it be necessary to change the current form of ownership? Could buying the existing business be converted to the new dinning floor plan while still meeting any fire codes for customer access to safety in the invent of a fire? Considering that both businesses would exist in similarly constructed structures it is believed that the first requirement ould be met. The usage of the current customers has an appeal since the current business operations has been consistent on the profit where the purchasing of inventory and the cash register receipts have indicated. The lack of similar Bakery businesses in the general area continue to be a plus for the location and buying the existing Bakery would limit competition for awhile. Considering remodeling cost, purchase price as opposed to starting a new business cost buying the existing business appears to be a better financial bargain. For the existing usiness the baking and dishwashing equipment are in satisfactory working order. The purchasing a grill to prepare food has a reasonable cost and the food prep area is already in place. The dinning area will require the purchase of tables and chairs that would have to be bolted to the floor during remodeling. Comparing the requirements for initiating a new business as opposed to buying an existing business, the buying of the existing business has the better appeal based on how the later is up a nd running. While the new business has some hurdles may exist as far as the condition of the uilding foundation, plumbing, electrical systems and the roofing condition and whether the business is responsible for repairs or the building owner. It is important to note that the existing business could have problems that cannot be seen but has to be investigated to be discovered. Problems such as ill-will between the suppliers and a customer as well with other neighboring businesses. â€Å"Jump starting the cash flow will have better potential due to existing operational elements such as customers, inventory and equipment already in place. † (http://www. sba. gov/content/buying-existing-business)Discuss the most appropriate form of ownership for your new business (assuming your current financial situation). Considering the new business Partnership as the form of ownership and considering the current form of ownership used buy the owner of the existing business, both really has no thing to do with what form one owner prefers over what form another owner prefers. Each form has both advantages and disadvantages. The most noticeable concern over owner a business is liability responsibility, what can be taken from the owners to cover liabilities and cannot which taxes hould be a major concern. â€Å"You report and pay taxes on a partnership like you would in a sole proprietorship; you and your partner pay income taxes on individual shares of the profits, but no tax is paid on the partnership. You report your share of the profit earned during the tax period that ends within the year being reported (by December 31or June 30). This is done whether or not profits are actually distributed. The rate of tax is the same as for the individual, and the income is reported on an individual 1040 form (Schedule E). A partnership return has to be filed with the IRS for nformation purposes only (Form 1065). You and your partner are personally liable, including personal assets, for debts and judgments. Creditors can collect from either you or your partner — even if you did not necessarily contract the debt. † (CIS/0939/pdf) â€Å"Sole proprietorships and partnerships are easy to set up — you don't have to file any special forms or pay any fees to start your business. Plus, you don't have to follow any special operating rules. LLCs and corporations, on the other hand, are almost always more expensive to create and more difficult to maintain.To form an LLC or corporation, you must file a document with the state and pay a fee, which ranges from about $40 to $800, depending on the state where you form your business. In addition, owners of corporations and LLCs must elect officers (usually, a president, vice president, and secretary) to run the company. They also have to keep records of important business decisions and follow other formalities. If you're starting your business on a shoestring, it might make the sense to form the simplest ty pe Of business — a sole proprietorship (for one-owner businesses) or a partnership (for businesses with more than one owner). One note has to be included regarding the Partnership which is the dissolution procedure following the quitting or death of a Partner. Following the attempted sale of the quitting partners share of the business or attempted sale to the current partners who may or may not be able to afford the price, the initial Partnership business has to be dissolved and a new Partnership established with the exclusion of the previous partner that left the partnership. Thus both buying an existing business as well as forming the rigt form of ownership both present issues that has to be considered by the new owners.Considering the Partnership dissolution aspect a Partnership still can be entered into with each original pertners with ca n agreement on how any quitting partners share is dispursed. Outline a business plan for your business. Visit http://www. sba. gov for tools and templates. The initial feasibility test for the business seems to have passed certain test through the current numbers produce by the existing Bakery. The location is good, customer interest in the product is proven while competition for Bakery goods comes from large retailer in limited quantities unlike he freshly baked items or freshly cooked menu dishes. It is estimated the initial investment cost less the estimated earnings would yield between a 7 to 9 percent return. Each member of the partnership has a hand in the formulating of the business plan. The initial outline of the business plan will include the following elements: Simple business plan outline Executive Summary: The Bakery is designed to provide customers with freshly baked goods while also giving them the opportunity to have a sit-down meal or just grab a cup of coffee with a pastry.Having conducted a feasibility study on the success potential of this business in the location chosen it was found that potent ial customers enjoyed the products sold by the previous bakery and enjoy the option of lounging while eating a restaurant style meal. The objective is to provide customers with a competitive products located their homes. To earn a 7 to 9 percent return on the initial investment during the first year. The mission of the Bakery is to provide customers with freshly baked goods that they enjoy eating minus the plastic wrapped brands sold in the big box retail outlets. Company Description:The store location is neatly situated in a business district catering to a wide range of business on a busy thorough fare moments from the residential area in every direction from the Bakery. This location is already familiar to most of the customers from the previously owned bakery. The operation of the Bakery is from 6am to 10pm. Orders can be called in on the phone or placed on the internet site at www. It Bakes Good. net The store policy for payment of gods is cash and credit card only. Product or S ervice: The main products of this Bakery are freshly baked pastries, croissants, donuts, breads and cakes.On the menu freshly prepared menu foods includes sea food dishes, soups, sandwiches, Beef , chicken and pork dishes. The main benefits customers receive from the store is freshly baked goods, the option to place orders ahead of time by phone or on the internet or within the store. Market Analysis: The location has proven to be profitable for the previous bakery. Its customer base remained loyal to returning to purchase goods as well as using the bakery to prepare special occasion dishes for birthday parties, anniversaries, and other customer defined events.Strategy and Implementation: Be specific. Include management responsibilities with dates and budgets. Make sure you can track results. Web Plan Summary: For e-commerce, include discussion of website, development costs, operations, sales and marketing strategies. Management Team: Describe the organization and the key management team members. Financial Analysis: Make sure to include at the very least your projected Profit and Loss and Cash Flow tables. Strategy and Implementation Summary SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities ThreatsCompetitive Edge Marketing Strategy Sales Strategy Sales Forecast Management Summary Personal Plan Financial Plan Important Assumptions Breakeven Analysis Projected Profit and Loss Projected Cash Flow Projected Balance Sheet Business Ratios Considering this is just an outline a few of the elements were addressed to give an idea of what the plan entails. Of course there are the remaining elements that have to be explained. (http://www. cals. uidaho. edu/edcomm/pdf/CIS/CIS0939. pdf) http://www. sba. gov/content/buying-existing-business

What influenced the writing of this piece of literature Essay

What influenced the writing of this piece of literature - Essay Example When it was first published, â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† did become famous, but it was only for the ability of the author to picturize the Bayou Louisiana so vividly, not for the tremendous social impact her writings had. Chopin’s writings were influenced by her personal life experiences, which were quite extraordinary. Monsieur Valmonde, a Creole gentleman, finds the infant Desiree abandoned by unknown persons near his home .He and his wife bring up the child as their own. Desiree grows up into a beautiful young woman, with whom their young aristocratic neighbor, Armand Aubigny falls in love. They get married, and Desiree is very happy at first. Soon she has a baby son and Armand is proud and happy. He becomes gentle even towards the slaves. Soon it becomes apparent to everybody around her that the baby is of mixed blood .Armand becomes cold towards her and when she asks him what was the meaning of it, Armand tells her bluntly that neither baby nor she is white. In despair, Desiree writes to her adopted mother who tells her to come home with the baby. She asks her husband whether she should go, and he tells her brutally to go. Desiree takes her baby and disappears into the bayou and is never seen again. Some time later, Armand puts everything that belonged to Desiree and her baby into the flames. During that time he comes across an old letter written by his mother to his father which reveals the secret that his own mother was not white. Written in a simple style, the story centers about the complex subject of miscegenation. The protagonist Desiree, is a woman of unknown parentage, who was found â€Å"lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar†(Chopin) by Monsiur Valmonde, has been brought up as their own daughter by the childless Creole couple, Monsieur and Madame Valmonde. †The prevailing belief was that she had been purposely left by a party of Texans, whose canvas covered wagons, later in the day, had crossed the ferry

Hepatitis B Virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hepatitis B Virus - Essay Example The complete infective virion is a 42nm particle comprising an inner core of 27 nm surrounded by an outer envelope of surface protein HBsAg. This surface coat is produced in excess by the infected hepatocytes and can exist separately form the whole virion in the serum and the body as 22nm particle. The genome of HBV is a partially double stranded circular DNA molecule with a unique In that all regions of the viral genome encode protein sequences. HBsAG contains a major â€Å"a† antigenic determinant as well as several subtypes: â€Å"d† â€Å"y† â€Å"w† and â€Å"r†. Combinations of these sub-determinants ( e:g adr, adw, ayw, and ayr) are used to classify HBV genotypes A-H of which the main types are type A(35%) B(225) (31%) and D(10%). There is a strong correlation between genotypes and geographical areas. Genotype A is mainly seen in North west Europe, North America, North America and central Africa; B in south East Asia; C in south East Asia D; in southern Europe, India and the middle East; E in west Africa; F in south and central America, in American Indians and in Polynesia. G in France and the USA; and H in central and south America. The core is formed of core protein (HBcAg) containing incompletely double stranded circular DNA and DNA polymerase/reverse transcriptase. One strand is almost a complete circle and contains overlapping genes that encode both structural proteins (pre-S, surface (s), core (s)) and replicative proteins (polymerase and x). The other strand is variable in length synthesis during the viral replication. If there is an acute clinical episode the virus is cleared in approximately 90% of patients as there is a good immune reaction. There is serum sickness-like immunological syndrome see urticaria or maculopapular rash and polyathritis affecting small joints and occurring in up to 25% of case in the subclinical period. There is increase of temperature. Extrahepatic immune

Compensation and Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compensation and Training - Essay Example America, the world’s largest economy, where the past decade a continuing bubble growing with continuous spending fueled by debts that suddenly burst when financial institutions that were supposed to generate money ended up producing even more debt (U.S. Treasury Department, 2009). The US government responded immediately to the threat of a global financial meltdown, gathering governments abroad and at the same time, was at the forefront of a Keynesian tactic of responding to impending depressions – increasing government spending. Hence, the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was born. The idea behind this program is to empower government to use federal funds to directly inject financial support to institutions to keep the financial sector afloat. It aims to purchase troubled assets, consisting mainly of the products of the subprime mortgage crisis. To manage this program, the Office of Financial Stability under the Treasury Department was born. It has seven components namely: (1) mortgage-backed securities purchase program; (2) whole loan purchase program; (3) insurance program; (4) equity purchase program; (5) homeownership preservation; (6) executive compensation; and (7) compliance (Treasury Public Affairs, 2009). The law specifically defines important requirements for firms that apply for the TARP. Executive compensation has been one of the thorniest issues that have struck public outrage when troubled companies continue to allow for astronomical compensations for its chief officers (Treasury Public Affairs, 2009). Executive compensation is a corporate term that describes how the management of big corporations is paid. Over the past thirty years, there has been a dramatic increase in the compensation of CEOs and other officers, far beyond the levels of an average worker. Five basic tools for compensation include a base salary, short-term incentives and bonuses, long-term incentive plans, employee benefits and perquisites. The typical salary for CEOs

Supply and Demand in Health Care Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply and Demand in Health Care - Term Paper Example As people get old, their physical bodies degenerate and people lose the beauty that they had when younger as they grow older. However, people do not like getting old and the fact that this shows on their faces and bodies makes it even worse. People yearn for the energy and beauty of the youth, hence their desire for plastic surgery to continue looking younger even in their old ages. Cosmetic surgery can be done on any part of the body, but the most common include the face, nose, lips, arms, abdomen, female breasts, forehead, and upper parts of the legs. These are usually enhanced in order to make them tighter for the limbs and face, fuller for the lips, smaller for the nose, bigger for breasts and firmer for the abdomen. All these procedures are conducted on people of different ages, races and sex as people try to conform to the modern definition of beauty and functionality, which has set standards for each part of the body. The results and consequences of such procedures are not nec essarily appreciated by every person. Many of the people that have undergone plastic surgery are celebrities like actors, actresses, musicians, socialites and other people in the media who have images to maintain. Many have gone the plastic surgery way in order to maintain their looks, hence their images, which act as one of their best selling assets. Modern methods of plastic surgery have been performed on people since the First World War when reconstructive surgery was performed on injured soldiers to restore their wounded bodies and resume functionality. However, the science of cosmetic surgery dates back several centuries before in 800 BC where it was first performed in India by Sushruta, who is referred to as the father of plastic surgery (Gullette, 2011). Despite its being around for period longer than many medical procedures or even drugs like penicillin, cosmetic surgery is one of the most expensive medical procedures in the world. One reason for their phenomenal cost includ es the fact that people are willing to pay anything to remain young because of the absence of a drug that reverse the aging process that has been discovered yet, hence plastic surgery being the closest people can get to doing this. Other reasons for the high costs include the fact that the surgery is not a necessity but could be deemed a luxury, the need for special equipment to perform it and the scarcity of plastic surgeons that are very good at their work. People travel for thousands of miles from their countries to travel to clinics that specialize in plastic surgery, if only to maintain young looks (Gullette, 2011). The costs of cosmetic surgery are so prohibitive that normal people cannot access the services. Many people, probably out of vanity, have accrued huge amounts of debt by borrowing in order to undergo plastic surgery. This does not make sense financially because the procedure is more of a luxury than a necessity. The costs of undergoing plastic surger

Why were American politicians unable to fashion a compromise, as they Essay

Why were American politicians unable to fashion a compromise, as they had done in the past, to avoid a civil war in 1860 and 186 - Essay Example Most authors have tried to give an explanation as to why American politicians were unable to avoid the occurrence of the war in the year 1860 and 1861. This leads to a number of questions. Why and how did the status of middle class women change between the years1776 and 1876? What militaries or ideas inspired and influenced antebellum reform remake and change of American society during the antebellum years? What made Southern nations to secede from the unification in the year1860 and 1861? This essay answers these three questions, hence outlining the reasons why American politicians were unable to avoid civil war in 1860 and 1861. Northern Middle-Class Women The change of lives and status of Northern middle class women between 1776 and 1876 really influenced the occurrence of the civil war. Women with delegate credentials such Lucretia Mott were denied access to the national assembly of the World Antislavery Convention (WAC) in London (Blackstone 5). This highly resulted in protests due to rejection of gender equality. Some of the angered delegates such as Mott stormed from this gender dissatisfaction to support the protests, which contributed to the civil war (DBQ #11, Doc. #3). During this era, women were unable to occupy the ethnically fashionable â€Å"separate sphere† hence this led to gender equality violence. ... #6). Antebellum Reforms The efforts and notions, which enthused and aggravated the antebellum reforms highly influenced the occurrence of the 1860 civil war. There is not period in the history of America that had superior efforts to change society than the preceding four years before the Civil War (DBQ #9, Doc. #1). During these four decades, there was a diversity of social problems, which came under attack (Blackstone 7). The most prominent reformer of the antebellum reform was Horace Mann. Throughout the years 1837 to 1848, this reformer (Mann) was the leader of the Massachusetts Board of Education. During his leadership, Mann was a tireless supporter of education and stated that, if the civic failed to prepare the children to be effective citizens, then the republic was to undergo destruction like other nations (DBQ #11, Doc. #4). During these years, many Americans worked tirelessly to construct public schools, improve healthcare facilities, promote women’s rights, and chan ge criminal integrity system, and battle drunkenness and poverty. By the 1850’s, abolitionism, which was an attempt to end slavery in American became the greatest issue of the antebellum reform movement (DBQ #9, Doc. #1). According to President Jackson’s statement, â€Å"I deem man can be prominent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  quoted from (Alice 22), people are more godlike, and they were capable of eliminating any challenge and governing themselves through perfecting the institutions in order to perfect the American democracy (DBQ #11, Doc. #1). In the American history, antebellum reform comprised of frantic efforts to eradicate evils and right wrongs, which soon resulted to wars (McCutchen 33). William started publishing The Liberator in the year 1831whose aim was to motivate people to lift up the

Fashion Textile Futures Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fashion Textile Futures Theory - Essay Example The essay "Fashion Textile Futures Theory" draws a distinction between clothing and fashion. Clothes are the media through which cultural ideas flow. Clothing helps us to order our cultural categories; class, status, gender and cultural principles i.e. values, belief and ideas are determined which we hold regarding our world. It is pertinent here to define Culture which may be defined as the way of life, with share abilities, habits, beliefs and customs of people or social groups. It is the entire complex of learned behavior, transmitted to subsequent generations in an ever changing cumulative dynamic way. We may call the artifacts; consumed and produced in a culture, a material culture. These artifacts are produced to express the unexpressed beliefs since the artifacts are understood in particular culture. Artifacts are unconscious and unintentional medium of attitudes, values and beliefs. But Prown says that artifacts are intentional expressions of an aesthetic which is equal in me aning and important to the unintentional expression.4 Cordwell and Schwarz noted that clothes were ignored in the studies of material culture. But later on it was realized that clothes; artifacts, are associated with ‘a complex sentiments’ and it channels the emotions and helps people to move in a ‘culturally appropriate manners. To Schwarz clothing has a symbolic role to play more than any other material objects. It arbitrates the relationship among nature, people and their ‘socio-culture environment.... M. J. & Gruel. L.M. (1981). The Second Skin. Boston: Houghton - Mifflin. 4 Prown. Jules D. et al (1985). "Material cultural studies: A Symposium" Material culture. 5 Cunningham. Anne. Patricia. Lab.Voso.Susan. (1991) Understanding Dress and Popular Culture. Bowling Green State University: Popular Press To Schwarz clothing has a symbolic role to play more than any other material objects. It arbitrates the relationship among nature, people and their 'socio-culture environment.'6 The Study of Blue Denim jeans helps us to understand the statement of Schwarz and particularly his emphasis on the symbolic role of clothing. Blue jeans are all pervasive on the scene of cultural history of America since 130 years. During that period of time jeans exemplified different meanings and messages for the society. It became a symbol of rebellion, an outlet of personal freedom and creativity then it serves as an icon of awareness of fashion also. Change in the style of jeans is actually a sign of change in manners and attitude in the American society. These changes are the subtle but accurate barometers of trends in contemporary popular culture.7 In 1960s the concept of "Jeaning of America" came on the surface to give a jean new role in the American society. It was a great shift in the attitude of the society and particularly in youth when the new clique of rebels; "beatnik", the bohemians, started putting on black sweaters with blue jeans as daily wear to represent the urban intellectual, a dissenter, to rebel against the 'conformist society of the day.' To wear plain jeans and dark colors was to reject the more-is-better, new-is-better mentality of the Organization Man World. 8 By 1967, the youth dominated the sub-culture. Who had

Affordances of an Educational Technology Tool (Blogs) Essay

Affordances of an Educational Technology Tool (Blogs) - Essay Example As the paper stresses Bogging as an ICT tool in the math classroom and other academic contexts, for that matter, has benefits as â€Å"a method of public discourse of the information society†.The â€Å"blog† as a tool of information and communication technology exhibits strengths in â€Å"the innovative possibilities for interactive relationships between learner and the ICT system†¦the blog is a method of discourse and discussion which opens up new possibilities for illustrating instructional learning tasks and facilitating the understanding and comprehension of mathematical phenomena† . According to the report findings participating in ‘collaborative construction of knowledge’ is an effective strength of blogging. The instructional method of ‘co-operative learning’ is often effectively demonstrated in the ICT learning environment. Blogging offers the opportunities for dialogue and discussion that are both motivational and social in educational context, including the mathematics classroom. Developmental and cognitive elaborations (from teachers and students) provide the opportunities and affordances of learning resources and support, i.e. The ICT collaborative learning camps. 'Collaborative constructions of knowledge’ are the learning outcomes of deductive/inductive logic, blogging of math theories, blogging on cognitive perspectives. ICT, with use of blogging techniques, â€Å"focuses on collaboration through the computer or computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL), assisted by different network-based collaborative tools, wi thin the math classrooms†.

How China Grew Rich Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How China Grew Rich - Research Paper Example This is because these companies are usually export-import oriented. On this basis, the integration of foreign direct investment with the labor force of the domestic country has an effect of creating a positive development of an economy of a country1. Globalization is a factor in the emergence of this international trade, and more so after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. This is because the Soviet Union was a country that was advocating for communalism. On this note, all countries under its influence had a closed economy. However, after its disintegration, majority of the nations within the world began to create an export promotion policy. They began to open their market system for purposes of promoting free trade. In developing these policies, developing countries of the world took an example of the Asian tiger economies compromising of Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong. These countries managed to improve their economies because of insisting on exports, instead of imports. This policy involved the removal of trade barriers, and encouraging direct foreign investments. On this basis, local companies within the country will participate in international trade by associating with these multi-national companies2. This export promotion strategy was successful in developing countries, and China began to experiment with it in the periods of 1970s. It is important to denote that China had one of the closest economies of the world, prior to the 1970s. The various regimes in the country regulated its economy, and they never encouraged any direct investments within the country. On this basis, their market system was closed. This made the country to be very poor, contributing to its low economic development. However, after opening up its market system to foreign companies, China was able to attract a large percentage of foreign investments and capital3. In 1990s, the country became the second largest nation to host foreign direct investments after

Write An Article For Magazine Essay Example for Free

Write An Article For Magazine Essay I am reporting as both a child psychologist and a concerned parent, on the matter of the content of teenage magazines. My own daughter made me aware of this issue when I decided to look through one of her Bliss magazines; I discovered what kinds of stories were printed in them and others teenage magazines such as sugar. I was both shocked and concerned by the material printed in the teen mags and decided that I should write this article to inform other parents of the content of them. The magazines I researched were; Bliss which is aimed at 14-17 year olds and Sugar which is aimed at 13-19 year olds, considering the graphic and persuasive nature of the content of these magazines, this seems, to me, to be an inappropriate age range. Advertisement Archive The magazines are over-spilling with desirable products, which is yet another attraction for teenage girls. On average the magazines contain 17. 5% of advertisements of up-to-date fashion items such as clothes, shoes and fragrances. Some of the products are far too expensive for a teen budget; endless pages of shoes and make-up are sending the wrong signals to impressionable young girls. It tells them that expensive frocks and loads of make-up is what they should have to be in. How many of you have heard the line but mum I need it all my friends have got one. Why? Because like their friends they have been influenced by the media and manipulated into thinking they need named brands to look and feel good. Cheaper high street brands have been advertised more frequently on television, these magazines should adopt the same tactic. This would make teenagers feel more comfortable wearing high street brands and prevent parents from feeling inadequate for not being able to provide the latest Gucci handbag. Real Life Horrors I was kidnapped and sold to a brothel Bliss December 2006 My midnight escape from a sick cult Sugar December 2006; these are just some of the shocking headlines which featured in the magazines I looked at. Is this the kind of literature you thought your daughter was reading? These are not the kind of real issues I would have thought of as appropriate for the 13 year old readers of these magazines. Some of the stories I read, including the ones I have already mentioned, incorporated some vulgar and sometimes quite disturbing details such as as I came round, I vomited on the floor. My head hurt and I was bleeding between my legs the story continued along the same lines in a very descriptive manner. Stories such as these rarely occur in real life and are scare mongering, and can be very disturbing for young readers. These articles do often include help lines enabling teenagers to contact an adult, however I think it highly unlikely that these articles would relate to an average British teenage girl. Though these stories are not stories that teenage girls relate to, they seem very interested in them. This makes me very uncomfortable as a parent and as a child psychologist as I find it difficult to associate the interest in such horrendous articles, to the other interests of the average teenager. I think that stories that relate to the more common occurrences in a teenagers lifes, such as sporting achievements and charities, which they could get involved in would be more appropriate. Picture Perfect All the magazines feature flawless models, dressed to impress on the front covers, with headlines such as 184 a-list model looks and sexiest party fashion. To my 14-year-old daughter and young girls like her, these images are ones that they aspire to. With pictures coupled with the headlines, the covers entice them into the materialistic fashion obsessed world of the a-list celeb. The immaculate appearance of the models is simply not a realistic view of an average teenager, theyre even often air-brushed; the images portrayed could make young girls feel inadequate purely because of natural teenage blemishes. Maybe images of everyday teens would provide a more pragmatic outlook to ordinary girls. The covers are plastered in bright coloured text in varying fonts and offer various stereotypical girly gifts such as pink lip-glosses for that perfect pout. These eye-catching fonts and free gift offers draw the young reader in, encouraging them to buy the over-priced magazines. The magazines are about i 2. 50 each which I would consider to be fairly expensive for a teenager as they usually buy several of these magazines with their pocket money, which is typically in the region i 5 to i 10. To me, as a parent, such magazines would be more acceptable if they were at a more reasonable price and featured fewer stories about celebrities shocking secrets, and more about achievements and real issues.

Why Nestle Is Multinational Corporate Marketing Essay

Why Nestle Is Multinational Corporate Marketing Essay Introduction to MNC (Multinational Corporate) MNC (Multinational corporate) known started from 17th century which traces origin from Dutch East India Company. And this corporate structure more widely functioned in 21th century. According to Stuart Wall, Sonal Minocha and Bronwen Rees (2010), MNC (Multinational corporate) is a company that has headquarters in one country but has operations in other country. MNC had defined by Dunning (1993) MNC are engages in FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and owns or controls value-adding activities in more than one country. Typically the multinational would not just own value-adding activities, but might buy resources and create goods or services in a variety of countries. Multinational Corporate in 2007 an estimated 79000 multinational corporate, collectively controlled a total of around 800000 foreign affiliates, employed almost 82million people worldwide and accounted for sales revenue of over $31 trillion, some 11% of world GDP. . (Stuart Wall;SonalMinocha and Bronwen Rees. 2010. pg. 31). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is any forms that investor earns interest in corporation which functions outside of the domestic territory of investor. Besides that, foreign direct investment needs a relationship between a parent company and it foreign subsidiary. It is also gives rise for multinational corporate based on their report Economy Watch (2010). What is Globalization? Globalization means businesses transaction around the world. Research (Global Education, 2009) has shown that globalization have many meanings and definitions, but mostly known as the greater movement of people, goods, capital and ideas affected by the increments of the economic integration which in turn is propelled by the increasing trades and investments. It is like moving towards living in a borderless world. There has always been a sharing of goods, services, knowledge and cultures between people and countries. In recent years, the improvement of technologies and a reduction of barriers mean the speed of exchange is much faster. Globalization provides lots of different types of opportunities and challenges (Global Education, 2009). Why Nestle is Multinational Corporate? Nestle is a multinational corporate since the headquarter is located in Switzerland but operates businesses in the many other countries over the world such as Europe, United State, China, Malaysia, Hong Kong etc. As we know, Nestle is an infants product. Besides producing infants, Nestle has also produces some other products such as chocolate, yogurt drink, cornflakes, ice-cream etc which can easily found in supermarkets all over the world. Introduction to Nestle In 1860s, a pharmacist named Henri Nestle had succeeded developed a food for babies whom are unable to breastfeed. And his first success was to be able to feed a premature infant who could not tolerate his mothers milk or any of the usual substitutes. (Nestle, 2010) In 1867, he adopted his own coat of arms as a trademark in 1867. In German Nestle means little nest. The Nestle symbol is universally understood to carry the meaning of nurturing and caring, security, nourishment and family bonding. These attributes are still the guiding legacy for the company Henri Nestlà © founded which fulfills the commitment to Good Food, Good Life. The Nestlà © Coat-of-Arms Sources: Nestle Sdn Bhd 2010 In 1905 Nestlà © work together with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, the year after Nestlà © added chocolate to its line of foods. The newly formed Nestlà © and Anglo-Swiss Milk Company had factories in the Spain, Germany, United States and Britain. Soon, the company had full-scale manufacturing in Australia with warehouses in Hong Kong, Singapore and Bombay. Most production still took place in Europe. (English Tea Store, 2004-2009) At first, Nestle business was mainly based on milk and dietetic foods for children. Then, Nestlà © grew and diversified its range of products, through acquisitions and mergers with the already famous brands of that time. For example, the manufacturing of LACTOGEN began in 1921, and in the same year, a beverage containing wheat flour was marketed under the brand name MILO. In 1938, NESCAFÉ was introduced to the as the first instant coffee. Then, in 1947, Nestlà © merged with the MAGGI Company. Currently, Nestle is still having their principles, which to provide the best products throughout the world. As the leading Food, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company, Nestlà © provides the best food for anytime of day and for anytime of your life. Nestlà © has grown to become the worlds largest food company which offers more than 8500 brands and 10000 products throughout the whole world. With its headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland, Nestlà © has more than 456 factories in more than 80 countries and having more than 283,000 employers. (Nestle Products Sdn Bhd , 2010) Actual impact of globalization on Nestle PESTLE analysis which contains of political, economic, social, technology, legal and environment analysis which consist of external environmental. It is a useful analysis to understanding the situation of a company in an industry. Political analysis The stability of political in a country will be under the consideration by NESTLE to build a plant that can operates NESTLEs factories that considering the countrys political stability, good tax incentives as well as its skilled workforce, NESTLE chose Malaysia to be the site of another regional manufacturing centre for NESCAFE (Mr. Josà © Lopez, Executive Vice President, Nestle S.A. responsible for global operations and GLOBE (Nestlà ©s Global Business Excellence Programmer)). Economic Analysis The important of economic factors will leads to the strength of consumer spending. For example, in recession economy, people might cut of their budget to consume household stuff rather than unnecessary stuff such as chocolate. Americans likes luxury chocolates, a new premium line of cacao which is called Nestle Treasures God had launched in order to cash in on the recession. Social Analysis Even though Nestle as a multinational corporate which operates their business in the other country, but do respect to peoples culture and traditional which is a corporate that think global, act local by working hard to integrate itself into the cultures and traditions of the country. For example, Kit-Kats formula is almost different everywhere. A Russian Kit-Kat is smaller than a Bulgarian, but less sweet than Germanys Kit-Kat. While in Japan, the strawberry Kit-Kat is all the rage. Technology Analysis As the technology of recently changed rapidly in global, Nestle have attracted people to purchasing their products by using advertising. For example, Kit-Kat have been advertised by attracting youngster or child because it is a sweeten tid-bits. Infants foods advertisement is to attracted housewife to purchase it to given their child a healthy life. Recent research on technology analysis (Nestle Policy and Environmental sustainable) (2008) reports shown that during the manufacturing process, Nestle had using efficient technologies to ensure that there is no wasted energy while producing products. In addition, to control the eliminate emission including the greenhouse gases. Legal Analysis In 1996, Nestle was the first multinational corporate that voluntary for Halal certification for its own food products. Those food products that exported to the other countries were certified as Halal products. As a global food company like Nestle, hygiene is a must. Since Nestle has the Halal certification and hygiene was the procedure which contain in that certificate. Besides that, health and safety were the principle that keeps by Nestle. While provided employees to minimize risks in their personal lives, Nestle had always emphasize each of their employees about to change the employees attitudes towards personal safety. Environmental Analysis Nestle always committed to people to produce the best quality to their consumers. Besides that, Nestle also prevented the wasted food by reduced the materials weight and volume, yet supported initiatives of recycle from used packaging. Nestle have also use recycled materials to produce its products. But, Nestle had done a fact that will cause of the lost of the home for orangutan. According to Heidi Marshall (2010), Nestles product-Kit Kat is a product of environmental destruction. This is because of the material that used in the candy bars and for the other Nestle products as well was comes from a palm oil that get from by destroying Indonesia rainforests. The strategy that used by Nestle to actual impact of globalization are included: Market Penetration Strategy Market penetration strategy is which to refer to increase market share of the current products. A firm using this method by raises their sale revenue without any changing of their existing products. Nestle may try to use the promotion which is buy 1 free 1 for its products. For example, buy 2 packs of 1kg Milo free a 10 pack of instant Nescafe. A market penetration will also involve the 4ps which is products, price, promotion and place. According to (Stuart Wall; SonalMinocha and Bronwen Rees, 2010), the product in international marketing is the extent to which a standard and differentiated product should be provided. For example, Nestle is using the differentiated products since it produce its products Kit-Kat in different flavor. A Russian Kit-Kat is smaller than a Bulgarian, but less sweet than Germanys Kit-Kat. While in Japan, the strawberry Kit-Kat is all the rage. The international price is related to the account market different between countries, exchange rates, difficulties of voicing and collecting payment across borders, the effects of tariffs and purchase taxes on competitiveness, governmental regulations of the host country and the long term strategic plan of the company in the different markets in which it operates. For the promotion, it is often expressed to attracted people to consume their products and yet to capture a new consumer to purchasing their products. Nestle is always advertise their products thru media ways. To make sure that people know their products yet to pursuing people to make a purchase on their products. For example, Nestle advertise its products thru the television advertisement. This can make sure that children will attracted by its advertisement while it advertise. A place or distribution it is difficult to control from outside the overseas country itself. A company will solve this problem by its own subsidiary. In addition, if the products are being imported, a multinational company will recruit a local agent to ensure that there is safety, cheapest and quickest way is using. For example, Nestle might recruit a people that located outside of overseas of it country to solve the problem such as a warehouses, the selling markets and etc. SWOT Analysis of Nestle As Dr. Jill Novak, (2009) commented that: Strength Nestle is a global food producer since it located in over 100 countries. It is consistently one of the worlds largest producers which with global sales in 2008 topped $101 billion. In addition, Nestle was named one of Americas Most Admired Food Companies in Fortune magazine. Furthermore, Nestle provides quality brands and products and line extensions that are well-known, top-selling brands including: Maggi, Haagen Dazs, Kit Kat, Nescafe, CoffeeMate, prepared baby foods, yogurt, foods for infants and many more. Weakness Most of the products have their own weaknesses. For Nestle, it was not as successful as the other country in France. Nestle could not compete against a strong and established brand which is Dannon that entered into France earlier than Nestle which is top selling of health yogurt. Besides that, since 2004, Nestle has been forced to reduce the amount of sugar in their products that may cause of diabetes among American children. In addition, Nestle has been removed the packaging and advertising that false claims of heart healthy and lower cholesterol which is an order from FDA(Food and Drug Administration) and American Medical Association which is the under fire of the breakfast cereal industry. Opportunities In today, everyone hope and needs to have a healthy life, as a producer like Nestle, it has an opportunities to raise their selling profits with producing health-based products. Since Nestle was a well-known branded, for sure, it will be easy to attract people to purchase their products. Further, they launched a new premium line of cacao called Nestle Treasures Gold, in order to cash in on the recession economy in which consumers cut back on luxury goods, but regularly indulge in candy and chocolate. Americans want luxury chocolates, and high-end chocolate is immune to the recession (so far), because it is an inexpensive indulgence. Threats Even though Nestle was a big producer in the world, but it still has its competitor, such as Hersheys, Cadbury-Schweppes (owned by Pepsi), Kelloggs, Starbucks, , Quaker, Kraft Foods, Danone, , Heinz, Unilevel and many more. Furthermore, any contamination foods supply especially e.coli which causes the recalled of their brand-Toll House cookie dough. Outbreaks were linked to 28 states and the product had to be recalled globally. Nestlà © has yet to find out how this happened, and is still investigating (Dr. Jill Novak, (2009). Potential impacts of globalization on Nestle Nestle corporate have its own potential in globalization since it is a big foods producer in global. Technology In the world of today, technology will be changing rapidly in global. And this will leads a good improvement in all type of products that will be produce around the world. A research and development department will be a part of Nestle from today towards future achievement by gaining profits without wasting the raw material in manufacturing process. Besides that, by using a developed technology may reduce the effects that will occurs greenhouse effect. For example, use of plastics packaging in every single of Nestle products improve to recycled paper packaging, used of plastic bottle in filling the Nestle beverage into tin that can recycle use. On the others side, a case that occurs in India, which is Nestle chocolate, will be melted before its eyes. This is because there are lacks of distribution and the heat temperature in India will make the chocolate melted. By using the technology that can solve this problem that is using the technology to change its chocolate ingredients so that can afford India heat temperature. Environmental As the info below, Nestles Kit Kats was made from a palm oil that came from by destroying the rainforest in Indonesia. This is cause of the pollution in Indonesia. To solve this problem, Nestle corporate should consider using the palm oil from the other countries by not destroying the rainforest of the country. On the other side, there is another solution too. That is, refining the vegetables oil that can out inside the ingredient of making chocolate. Social As a food producer in global, Nestle may do some different in their products. Such as, a new flavor of the chocolate could be launch. This is because different country has a different taste towards foods. For Malaysia, a durian can be a part of the ingredient in the making of Kit-Kat. For Korea, a Kim chi flavor Kit-Kat can also create. This is a try for Nestle to attract people by producing different flavor but same products around the world. The strategy that might use by Nestle in the potential impacts on globalization is: Diversification strategy According to Stuart Wall;SonalMinocha and Bronwen Rees diversification strategy involve the company branching out into both new products and new markets. For example, from the info that I mention below, Nestle might create a different flavor of Kit-Kat to attracted new customer. For Malaysia, Nestle may create a durian flavor Kit-Kat to attracted those customer who are not chocolate lover but is a durian lover to purchase this products. Conclusion On the day Nestle was introduced, it was only food for infants. As time goes, Nestle has grown to be more famous in brand name and focus in widen its product line. Today, Nestle is one of the most famous and successful foods and drinks producer. Furthermore, Nestle had expands to globalization which consist of factories around the world. Besides that, Nestle will always try counter threats and competitor, such as the current products or new product entrants. Therefore, Nestle still has the potential to grow more and continue to be the one of the leader in the market share.

What Is Rdbms Ordbms And Oodbms Information Technology Essay

What Is Rdbms Ordbms And Oodbms Information Technology Essay A set of computer programs which controls the formation, preservation, and the use of database with computer as a platform is called a database management system (DBMS). The control of organization-wide database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) is permitted by the database management system. It helps the use of integrated collection of data and files and also easily permits the access of the same database to different user application programs. The database models like network model or relational model can be used by the DBMS. Another feature of the DBMS is allows users and other software to store and get back data in a structured way in large systems. The users can write simple question in query language to retrieve information instead of writing computer programs. Fourth-generation programming language (4GLs) and other application development features provided by DBMS are very helpful to specify the logical organization for database and access and use the information within a database. Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) The abbreviation form of Relational Data Base Management System is RDBMS. The structure of RDBMS is database tables, fields and records. Each RDBMS table consists of database table rows and each database table row consists of one or more database table fields. RDBMS is used by main frame, midrange and microcomputers. MS SQL Server, DB2, Oracle and MySQL are the most popular RDBMS. The data are stored in the form of tables which might be related by common fields. The data stored in the database table are manipulated by the rational operators given by RDBMS. SQL is the database query language in most RDBMS. Why RDBMS? We will use the terms tables and relations interchangeably. In a RDBMS, the data is logically perceived as tables. _ Tables are in logical data structures that we assume hold the data that the database intends to represents _ And tables are not physical structures. _ Each table have a unique table name There are advantages and as well as disadvantages in the RDBMS. The advantages of RDBMS are Fast and easy to pop out data as relation among entities is well defined More secure and normalization Problems are avoided when two things are processed at the same time data can be managed in proper manner Accuracy The disadvantages on the other hand are A professional is needed to deal with Proper training is required Need software and hard ware The model is not easy to the end user to run quires Object Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) The object relational database management system is known as a database management system which is alike to a relational database, but with an object oriented database model. This system supports classes, objects and inheritance directly in database schemas and in the query language. Besides, extension of the data model with custom data type and methods are supported by ORDBMS. The well-organized management from a limited set of data types is focused in traditional RDBMS but object relational DBMS on the other hand permits web sites development experts to join their own data types and methods. Advantages of ORDBMS: Large storage capacity is ensured in Object Relational Database Management Systems which benefits for the web based development. Reasonably quick access speed Massive scalability of ORDBMS is beneficial. Outstanding manipulation power of object databases is boasted in ORDBMS APIs and server subsystems are added to support object functionality. The database engine is completely redesigned A new object-oriented layer is added to support rich data types Disadvantages of ORDBMS ORDMBS fails in High speed internet applications. The IDC opines that the ORDBMS market has the possibility to exceed the size of ODBMS in the next two years time in web based development Object Oriented Database Management system (OODBMS) Object Oriented Database Management system is the most excellent alternative to resolve impedance mismatch causing in the use of Relational Database Management System as objects have to be mapped to table. Database management is combined with object oriented programming concepts by the object oriented database management system. The principles of database management such as isolation, durability, consistency and atomicity and the object oriented programming concepts consist of of inheritance, encapsulation and polymorphism. The mixture of these ideas permits easiness in the management of large number of data, results in system reliability and guarantees support for query languages. Therefore, from the description given above it can be concluded that an OODBMS is not only a database management system but also a complete object oriented development setting. Software development companies use OODBMS as an alternative because it follows intelligibility while objects are accessed in the database. The Main objective of the OODBMS is to give consistent, data independent, secure, controlled and extensible data management services to support the object-oriented model. They were created to handle big and complex data that relational databases could not. The most main characteristic is the joining of object-oriented programming with database technology, which provides an integrated application development system. Object-oriented programming results in 4 main characteristics: inheritances, data encapsulation, object identity, and polymorphism. Object Identity, Object Structure, and Type Constructors Object Identity An OO database system provides a unique identity to each independent object stored in the database. This unique identity is typically implemented via a unique, system-generated object identifier (OID). The OID cab is assigned to program variables of the appropriate type when needed. The main property required of an OID is that it be immutable; that is, the OID value of a particular object should not change. This preserves the identity of the real-world object being represented. Merits of OODBMS over RDBMS The impedance mismatch is completely cancelled out in OODBMS and on the other hand in a relational database system a problem is always faced by a custom software development company. There was lot of wastage of time in RDBMS while objects had to be mapped with tables and the table mapped with objects. In the RDBMS, problems have to be faced by the users when identifying the records and they have to make sure that no two records have the same primary key. In the OODBMS this problem is completely avoided by its unique OIDs. OODBMS can deal with complex data than RDBMS as in ODBMS, a large class able to hold lot of intermediate sized classes, which can keep even more medium sized classes. The database management system maintains the connection between objects and the constraints on objects in an object oriented database, which means, the objects themselves. They permit support of complex application which is not supported by the other models. The programmability and performance, improve navigational access, and simplify concurrency control are improved by the object oriented database. The risks linked with the referential integrity are reduced in OODBMS and it gives an enhanced user metaphor than the relational model. Object oriented database can store both complex component and large structure. The large objects in object oriented database do not need to be broken apart and reassemble by application. Therefore object oriented data base do not suffer performance degradation. RDBMS does not allow the nested structure. These category of applications widely found in CAD/CAE, aerospace, etc. But these applications are easily supported in OODBMS. Besides, it is better to deal with the complex structure in the form of objects rather than table, tuples and records in RDBMS. Limited numbers of data types such as integer and string and limited number of built in operations are available in the relational database management system. This database management system is suitable for simple and few number of data types. The OODBMS on the other hand are appropriate for application where the relationships among elements in the database carry the key information. Conclusion According to the report we can takes some con-clusions regarding RDBMS and OODBMS: †¢ Relational databases have as their objective to ensure data independence ie> Normalized data is separated from processing and the processing corresponding to satisfy-ing informational requirements need not be totally pre-defined, thus accepting ad-hoc re-quirements too. †¢ Object oriented databases have as their main objective encapsulation, being stored together with the data and the methods. They are inseparable. It is said that we have to do with an independence of classes and not with an independence of data. †¢ An OODBMS and not an RDBMS is needed while in the reference applications we have to do with complex data. †¢ The object oriented database mar-kets will continue to develop, but they will still (represent) only a fraction of the traditional databases. †¢ It is appreciated that RDMSs hold the largest part of the largest part of the data-bases. But the prospect is that they will still co-exist for a long time future with the OODBS. ORDBMS complicates database design due to its new richness. There are more alternative designs that can be used to represent a particular situation, and it is not always obvious which to pick. Unthinkingly applying some of these features, such as the COLLECTION columns, create problems.

Sir Donald Bradman Essay -- Sports Baseball Bradmand Essays

Sir Donald Bradman Sir Donald Bradman, who died at the age of 92, was the greatest cricketer of the 20th century and the greatest batsman ever lived. He was arguably the most famous athlete in the eyes of most Australians, as sports has played the major role in giving the young nation of Australia global standing, self-belief and a sense of identity. Sir Donald Bradman is an Australian sporting hero. His achievements on the cricket field from 1928 to 1948 are still among the world's best. The tragic boxer of Les Darcy and champion galloper Phar Lap played a part, making up a trinity of Australian sporting legends, but nothing could match the phenomenon of Bradman. His battling statistics are incredible, incomparably ahead of everyone else playing the game. He creases in major cricket for 338 times, but in 117 of those innings returned with a century. He was better than twice the ratios achieved by such greats such as Jack Hobbs, Len Hutton, Denis Compton. His first class average was 95.4, where his nearest rival is 71. Most famously, he went out at the Oval in his last ten innings needing only four to finish with an average of 100, and was bowled second by Eric Hollies, of Warkwickshire, for a duck. It was as though the cricket god had reclaimed the invulnerability they had given him. His final average is 99.94 remains so resonant in cricket history, that the Australian Broadcasting Commission uses it as its post office box number. Donald Bradman had embodied the Australian dream. He was a country boy, born in Cootamundra in rual New South Wales. Donald bradman was the blond, blue-eyed baby of the family, with other three older sisters and a brother. His father was a carpenter and farmer whose earnings was average. None of bradman’s school friends lived there him, so in those solitary moments, he had invented a game that involved throwing a golf ball at the base of the family water tank and whacking it with a cricket stump. The ball fizzes off the tank at high speed at unpredictable angles. Donald left school at fourteen and didn’t started to play cricket seriously until he was eighteen. His headmaster had commented that he was a truthful, honest, industrious and unusually bright. He began work at a real estate agent in Bowral. In 1923-1924, he played no cricket at all and little in the following summer. Most of his free time was given to ten... ...cted and admired through out the world for not only her personal qualities and family values, died in September 1997, after 65 years of loving marriage. This had simplify for Sir Donald Bradman that the 'best partnership of his life' was over. Donald Bradman was knighted in Melbourne at 1949, and went into the role cricketing elder statesman. He's the only Australian ever knighted for services to the game of cricket. He gave up his stockbroking career and became a selector and administer, dealing firmly with the throwing crisis that convulsed the game at the end of 1950s. After being knighted in 1949, Sir Donald Bradman wanted a very private life. The Wisden panel in 2000 voted Sir Donald Bradman as the cricketer of the century, with unanimous hundred percent votes. He'll be long remembered for his sporting skill, gentle manner and good humour. His reputation as a cricketer has never been questioned. The memory of Don Bradman is revered like no other wherever the great game of cricket is played. He is no doubt a legendary sportsman, which will remains enigmatic in our heart forever. Cricket has known great man and fine players, but there has been and can be, only one Bradman.

The Invisible Man by HG Wells :: The Invisible Man HG Wells

The Invisible Man by HG Wells Griffin - Wells goes in great detail about the way Griffin (the Invisible Man) looks and acts. He writes about Griffin's bad temper and his evil scheme of stealing money and food to survive as an invisible man. He makes the character, Griffin, realistic because his emotions, like expressing his anger through shouting, are something people are familiar with. Griffin was quick to anger by the taking of drugs and stimulants. What may have begun as quick temper and impatience turns into violent rage and a wish to commit murder. Griffin's deterioration is self-induced for the most part, but his alienation from his own kind is assisted by other human beings. Fear and superstition follow him, and it seems a defensive mechanism of humans to lash out and destroy the things they fear and do not understand. Griffin had been a brilliant young chemist and researcher, confined and unappreciated as an instructor in a small English college. His brilliance had led him to investigations in physics and the properties of light. It is interesting to observe that as his passion for experimentation and his devotion to pure scientific investigations accelerated. When he required money to advance his experiments in invisibility, he stole it from his father. He finds the possibility to make something invisible. He try's it with a cat and it works. So then he made himself invisible. As an invisible man he could steal, as much he wanted. He is chased by dogs, hunted down in a department store, nearly run over in the streets, and constantly subjected to the discomfort of exposure and he gets lots of head colds. He is a man caught in a trap of his own making. Then, of course, he is betrayed by the only person in whom he placed confidence. Griffin's end is tragic, but it is the culmination of the tragic course he had followed since he first ventured into the unknown terrors of invisibility. Mr. Thomas Marvel - Griffin meets a man named Marvel and wants him to be his servant. He is very scared and does what Griffin expects him to do at first, but when they come to Port Stowe, Marvel tells the barmen at the Jolly Cricketers' pub that the invisible man could be there. Marvel got the money and the diary of the experimental investigator. He has opened an inn, and tells everybody what has happened to him after that time, when there had been an invisible man.

The Secret to Happiness-Counseling Psychology

Money and Happiness: The Problems of Understanding its Dynamic Relationship The want of money is the root of all evil. – Samuel Butler- Our society holds a taboo when it comes to explicitly speaking of the desire for money. However, at the same time our behaviors implicitly show us the extent of this desire. Many people spend much time analyzing the stock market for their next bid, millions of people buy lottery tickets looking for their big break, and many people fight with their siblings over their dead parents’ fortune. And the reason we so desperately pursue the accumulation of wealth is because we believe in its positive influence. We believe it will change our lives into a better one. We think it will make us happier. (Campbell, 1981) However, this is an issue still in question and an important one especially for counseling psychology. In this field, the relationship between money and life satisfaction is essential due to its relevance to career counseling. Considering that a jobs’ financial reward and hence its socioeconomic status is influential in career orientation for some people, the clarification of such relationship becomes crucial. And in accord to the importance of this issue, there has been abundant research relating to it. However, the results seem to be mixed and confusing. The purpose of this paper is to point out the shortcomings of previous works on this issue and additionally, to provide a new scope into which will be a guide for further research on this issue. Problems in samples and variables Previous studies have attempted to see if money increases happiness by looking into the lives of those who have a lot of money. But some of these studies seem to have missed out on a vital factor, sample size. In a study of some of the wealthiest people in the United States, Diener et al. (1985) found the happiness levels of these people to be only slightly above average than that of people with regular incomes. However, the sample size for this study was only 49. Also, Brickman et al. (1978) found that lottery winners were not happier than controls even after their sudden fortune. But his research contained only 22 lottery winners as participants. In both cases the sample size was much too small to make a general rule out of their research. There could have been plenty of other happier wealthy people who are on the Forbes 500 list or won the lottery but did not participate in the study. So it seems obvious that in future studies, the sample size should be enlarged as much as possible. This would be easier nowadays due to the increased number of millionaires and billionaires in general and quicker access to them through e-mail. Sometimes researchers seem to have failed to fully analyze the variables they used in their research. In a more recent study, researchers found that income increase over the course of 10 years had only a small positive impact on happiness (North et al. , 2008). This time the size of the sample was relatively large by 274, but certain variables within this sample diminished the implication of this study. Apart from the sample being from a concentrated area (San Francisco Bay area) and being mostly consisted of Caucasians (89%), the researchers have not fully analyzed the spending patterns of the samples’ income. They simply tried to correlate the total income with other variables such as happiness. But considering the possible fluctuations of expenditure during the course of 10 years, for example, due to emergencies or children’s college tuitions, the net worth of the increased income could have been no different during those 10 years. According to other research, having a strong sense of control over ones financial state can be linked to greater overall satisfaction and that strong sense of control is possible if there is sufficient net worth of income (Cummins, 2000). So without knowing whether the participants had sufficient net worth it would be somewhat misleading say that more income does not contribute to more happiness. Mixed Results The researches shown above are only a few of many that touch upon this issue of money and happiness. And due to many variables that complicate the relationship of the two, there have been plenty of mixed results. It has been shown that happiness is strongly correlated with increasing income at poverty levels (Diener & Biswas-Diener, 2002) whereas once income exceeds that level and basic needs are met, money matters only a little (Myers, 2000). On the other hand, there has been research that money generates opportunities for individuals to make better decisions that allow them to improve their well-being (Schwartz, 2004). But then again, more money seems to open possibilities for negative events in life such as divorce (Clydesdale, 1997). What all these findings and many others lead us to conclude is the old adage: â€Å"Money isn’t everything. † Considering Other Variables But knowing just that would not be fruitful. So in response to this unsurprising insight there have been many attempts to clarify the variables in which allow the correlation between money and well-being to be more clear. In one study, Johnson and Krueger (2006) collected a nationwide sample of 719 twin pairs in the United States. The researchers have demonstrated, through methods of self-report surveys, that an individual’s actual available money explained only about 10% of people’s perceptions of financial well-being, proving the old adage. Along with this finding they showed that perceived financial situation and perceived control over various life domains mediate the relationship between wealth and life satisfaction. In other words, those who believed that they have more control over their financial state and/or those who perceived their financial state in a positive light were happier with regard to how much money they had. This research is meaningful in that it tried to connect relative psychological factors that take crucial part in this issue of money and happiness. However this research is qualified in terms of understanding the question â€Å"Will earning more money make us happy? The main defect it has is that, because their study was not based on longitudinal data it does not show whether more money now than before effects happiness. It focused more on the effect of money on people’s well-being at a fixed time. Research Questions Considering that psychological factors can have a significant contribution to life satisfaction concerning money, an attractive research question would be whether increased income and the ability to perceive change, or retrospect, one’s socioeconom ic status have an impact on life satisfaction. One can assume that if an individual can clearly perceive how much better oneself is doing than before then that person might feel happier than someone who does not see that upward change. But one major factor these studies mentioned above miss out on is personal desire and values. So it would be also interesting to find out if people with different values or desires have different affects by increasing incomes. More specifically, finding out whether people who peg certain emotional rewards to the cquisition of material goods, and hence are extrinsically motivated, are more likely to become happier as their income increases would be a relevant research question. It would be recommendable for both research questions to be done by longitudinal studies. Conclusion This paper has looked into researches concerning money and happiness. This theme was found to be important not only because it concerns our modern life perception about happiness but also because this perception is a crucial e lement in making career plans for one’s life. Current research has shown problems with sampling and choosing the right variables. Some studies proved to be fruitful in that it factored in relevant psychological concepts that would mediate satisfaction regarding money. Also, it turns out that longitudinal studies are much more informative in knowing the effects of income change on well-being. The research question provided by this paper is relevant to current issues of this topic and to career counseling because it would clarify elements such as ability of retrospection and motivation types to be predictors of subjective well-being with regard to one’s income.

Curriculum designing guidelines Essay

Purpose The construction of follow outs and outcomes that in effect shew progression in to to separately one one course of study knowledge domain and convey the values, principles and purposes of A Curriculum for Excellence is central to the succeeder of the program. In particular, it is important that you reflect germane(predicate) aspects of the four capacities in your work. If we can prolong this right these outcomes and visits provide have a significant, positive, impact on classroom figure and hence on the learning experience of exclusively children and materialization people.It is an exciting prospect. scratch line point In phase 1 individually early survey base should be asked to simplify and prioritise the computer programme (from age 3 to 15 in the first instance) retaining what currently works well and making changes where these were justified by question evidence. The output from phase 1 of the review process and the rule for your class area, inv estigate and other national and international comparators are your starting points.Your work leave be based on the relevant separate of the Curriculum Frameworks for Children 3 5, 5 14 guidelines, Standard Grade, and National Qualifications. It is important that experience and outcome statements you write at each Curriculum for Excellence aim provide appropriate cognitive demand. The cloth for outcomes The experiences and outcomes will sit within a framework of advice to teachers. Curriculum Area The eight curriculum areas are Expressive humanities, Health and Well creation, Languages, Maths, apparitional and Moral Education, Science, Social Studies and Technologies.Rationale The rationale provides an overview of the curriculum area states its main purposes and describes its persona to the values and purposes. Subsets of the curriculum area for each one curriculum area is subdivided either into field of learning or subjects (e. g. Expressive Arts into art, drama, dance an d music) or into aspects of learning in that area (e. g. Languages into listening and talking, reading and writing) Lines of learning These identify learning tracks in each subset of the curriculum area.They are expressed in different ways in each area of the curriculum. For example within communicative arts they identify the skills to be positive creating, presenting and evaluating in art, drama, dance and music within science they describe broad areas of knowledge and understanding to be developed biodiversity, being human and cells in Our Living World. Experiences and outcomes at bottom each line of development, experiences and outcomes describe the expect progression in learning for children and young people. Essential outcomes.Essential outcomes are a small number of high level statements, derived from the main purposes described in the rationale, that inclose what learning in that curriculum area provides for all children and young people. Taken together, the requiremen t outcomes are intended to sum up the expectations for the broad general education of all young people. The focus of your work will be writing the experiences and outcomes for your curriculum area. It is likely that there will be interplay between what you produce and the essential outcomes , which are the ones dowery to shape and refine the other in an iterative manner.Outcomes should be written in the clearest possible English. Where possible these should be fond to children and young people, but not at the expense of clarity. It is also important to try to write lively and engaging experiences and outcomes. topper Practices of Writing the Curriculum Ultimately the end is to produce streamlined guidance for the finished curriculum in a hotshot document. We also intend to make the outcomes ready(prenominal) in electronic format to endure curriculum leaders and teachers to identify and survive outcomes from both within and beyond curriculum areas. Several stages will be ne cessitate to achieve this.

Google Glass Essay

Google grouch should be prohibited to be familiar for the world. In consequence of technological advances, we charter changed our society and relieve oneself been convenient for a couple of(prenominal) decades. Thanks to advanced technology, we eventually became executable to do eachthing we want with electronic devices from ultramodern technology. At this point, Eric Schmidt, who is a current Googles executive chairman, announced that Google testament exploit Google grouch by the end of 2013. Google glass over is a wearable computer with a head mounted display by Google in the Project glass, research and development.Google nut case displays indata formattingion in a smartphone- same hands-free format that fag end interact with the internet via example commands. Briefly, its going to be like a smart phone wearing on our eyes. It is believed that modern technology has brought many a(prenominal) benefits to us, we should be aw ar that its attainable to use for our so ciety. Firstly, the public would be endanger by Google scrap seriously. Inverters of Google Glass scan that Google Glass impart be furnish with an intellectual camera that can light upon clear pictures at anytime, anywhere.It means that winning picture with a Google Glass can lead to an invasion of portrait right. Furthermore, it doesnt have any speakers to let former(a) people know that users are in the process of recording. For instance, prison cell phones and camcorders have speakers transcendent a background noise level of 6070dB. Instead of loud speakers, it has bone-conduction headphones unspoiled frames. But it mustnt be a function as alert sound. Secondly, Google Glass will absolutely affect our frame badly. What would happen if we wear Google Glass for really long time?Every electronic device has electromagnetic waves as always. concord to Interphone Study Group in France (ISG), 2 billion people will have brain cancer by 2020 from cell phones. Unfortunately, Goo gle Glass has the same critical limit as the cell phones have. If we wear Google Glass, we capability as well face a terrible situation like ISG said. Moreover, they are saying that a new psychological disease called nomophonia, which denounces us feel neuronal because of non holding own our device, will occur at the moment.Im sure that it would be a cataclysm for us as well as our next generations. At last, Id say that there will be liability problems by being haunt with Google Glass. People will wear Google Glass while driving in pain of definite warnings not to do. After that, they will clash with the elderly or any pedestrians and somebody will get contuse seriously. The aesculapian indemnification may not be possible to cover the medical care because money can be critical.If Google Glass is commercialized, we will have to prepare up a liability insurance to use it. It means the we need to channel cost of an insurance policy to Google Glass bill. Of course, Using Goo gle Glass will make our life slightly more homy and convenient. On the other hand, we should deeply stand for it has so many side make that can badly effect to our society. Therefore, I hold very strongly that organizations in charge of license of selling electronic devices shouldnt allow to release into the world.