The Effects of Team Dynamics on Corporate Communication

Good communication skills are one of the required skills from the human being to maintain and achieve the expected outcomes of the organization or team. An effective communicator tends to work well in a team. Working as a team in any environment is more productive and the expected outcomes tend to be more of a profitable than working alone. In this report there will be the discussion on the effects of team dynamics on corporate communication. The topic will be divided into sub sections: developing positive team dynamics, effect of team dynamics on individual’s behaviour, personality types and team dynamics and also the author personality type will be discussed. The communication theories and the categories identified by Belbin will also be discussed. It is clear that people got deferent personalities and different ways of adapting the group dynamics, the personality type and team dynamics will be discussed. The types of personalities as described by MBTI will be discussed individually. What is Team Dynamics? â€Å"Team or group dynamics concern the fluid and on-going interaction between and among team members, their actions and reactions. Team dynamics relate to the interpersonal and interdependent process of work—how things get done by and through people, and how team members relate to their task and to each other†(Team Dynamics. n. d. ). It is clear that if team members have the shared vision, goals and objectives about the performance of the team, the team can reach it objectives and it can build healthy team dynamics. Developing a Positive Team Dynamics People are unique and got different beliefs, it is therefore very correct that you study your team mates very well and emphasis more on what is important for the group. Having well defined standards and reporting standard to a group leader that will lead to a healthy group dynamics. These standards can only be effective if the team members are committed to the positive interests of the team. After deciding on team rules or standards the team can easily develop the personal relations and develop trust to each other. This trust and personal relations became visible by the time we managed to delegate someone to represent the group on dance practise, we trusted the person the he won’t let us down. We also managed to learn the dance from him. And that has made us to bond more. Effect of Team Dynamics on individual’s behaviour Most people are more effect when working as a group than working alone, other people will find this as a problem. Working in a group of people of different cultures could lead to more tensed environment within the team, it is therefore very correct to learn or try to understand the do’s and the don’ts of other members culture and that will lead to profitable results as it stated that â€Å"Teams working together increase problem-solving skills and innovation, quality, and decrease turnover and absenteeism† (Teresa Armstrong, n. ). After developing positive team dynamics, the group will had the common goal of achieving the expected outcomes. This was shown on the camp when we were doing speed introduction, we managed to know each other better and had a chance to know the dos and don’ts of other peoples culture. This made us to perform well on the activities that were given and submit them on time. What is Personality? Hjelle and Ziegler (1987, p. ) explains that â€Å"personality refers to the overall impression that an individual makes to others†, at the same time Robbins (1979, p. 90) explains that â€Å"personality is the sum of ways in which an individual reacts and interact with others† Personality affects the performance of the entire group, and these authors agree on the definition of personality. The team need to study each member’s personality, hence that will create a healthy working environment. Personality Type and Team Dynamics The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is used to understand the personality of individual, and that can be effective in developing team dynamics. MBTI shows the following characters of personalities: Extroverted/ Introverted, Sensing/Intuitive, Thinking/ Feeling, Judging / Perceiving. Extrovert/Introverted These kinds of people are either described as people who are out spoken, work well in a group (extrovert) or people who focuses on the inner world and this kind of person likes to work individually. Introverts can sometimes frustrate the Extroverts, because of the strength of the Introverts shines when they alone and they are not more in group discussions as it stated that â€Å"Extraverted types who work best by thinking out loud and considering matters in dialogue can be frustrated by Introverted types whose best work on thinking and considering is done internally and detached from active interaction† (Personality Pathways, 2009). Even though these personalities are differing in terms of preferences, they can contribute to the team positively. Hence the introverts in a group will be treated as the knowledge source or the strategist of the group while Sensing/Intuitive Since in the team people have different personalities, here there will be a discussion on how the groups or teams benefits to people with sensing and intuitive personalities. Effective communicators they first identify the problem and then propose solution(s) to the problem, so people with this kind of personality in the sense that they are more realistic, practical and got self confidence. Psychological Types ( 2008a) explains that â€Å"Intuition is an ability to deal with the information on the basis of its hidden potential and its possible existence†, it is therefore clear that this kind of personality can effectively contribute towards the group or team. Hence they are able to foresee the possible outcomes of the task and this will help the group to effectively communicate with vision of the possible solution. This kind of personality is clearly found on someone who is the go-getter and someone who is creative. Thinking/Feeling Psychological Types ( 2008b) explains that â€Å"Thinking is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its structure and its function. Feeling is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its initial energetic condition and its interactions†, people with this kind of personality (thinking) are more in the decision making side. Someone with thinking personality has the greater ability of doing things in logical manner and he ends to pay more attention on the bigger picture of the given task. People with the feeling personality type are more concerned about feelings of other individuals and they are more ethical, which makes them to be good in developing team dynamics. Team with good ethical rules they tend to be more effective and produce quality results. In any working environment there will be some times conflicts and sometimes conflicts can lead a group to informed or uninformed decisions. So people with the feeling personality don’t like conflicts and that could be their weak link, because when working as team there are high probabilities of conflicts and sometimes conflicts are healthy for the survival of the team. Judging/Perceiving Judging Personality type is essential to the success of the group, because people with this kind of personality are creative in making plans, organizing tasks to be done. By having an individual with that kind of personality and the communication channels of the group or team are clearly defined, the team is advantage of achieving its objectives in expected time. The individuals with judging personality is more like the backbone of the group or team because someone with this kind of personality doesn’t give up on the given tasks and that individual can be sometimes be called the information centre of the group, because some of the possible solutions for the group might come from that individual. The other type of personality is called Perceiving. This type of personality is referred to someone who can adapt in any situation that the group find its self in. Individuals with perceiving personality is referred to as more open minded as it stated that â€Å"Perceiving is the preference outwardly displayed. Perceiving people are flexible, and they like to keep their options open and think randomly† (My Personality. Info. n. d). If an individual is described to have the perceived type of personality, the individual need the attention of the group, because the performance of this individual depends on his/her mood. And can be costly to the team performance and the team level of communication, because if the individual is not in mood then the entire team will be affected too. Having well defined ethical behaviour in the group and well established accountability standards that will lead to mutual respect mong group member, effective communication and profitable results in the given activities. The Author’s Personality Type After conducting the online personality type test, the author of this paper was described as ESTJ where E stands for Extrovert, S – Sensing, T – Thinking and J – Judging. The results of the test were exactly the author’s personalities. Even though the test results exactly explain the personality of the author, and the author is strongly agree with the fact that these results are true and also feels that these results are not fully explaining the author of this paper. The reason the author believes that is an extrovert is because of the fact the author can easily adapt to the new group and can easily get along with people of different culture and different backgrounds. This was shown on the camp when I had to be in the cabin with people that I saw for the first time. I managed to get along with my cabin mates and I made many friends from that camp. The effective communicator is not someone who speaks loud but it’s someone who can effectively convey the message to other people without any difficulties and the massage received is clear and unambiguous. The author is also having the sensing type personality, because of the self-confidence that the author has and how realistic the author is. The online personality test also sees the author of this paper as Thinking type of personality, and the author fully agrees with the test results because of the fact that when it comes to decision making for the benefit of the team or group the author excels. Every individual got its own talent and specialization area, and the author of this paper believes that clear communication channels and clear definition of roles in the team, that will healthy working environment. The online personality test has further seen the author of this paper as someone who is having Judging type of personality, and the author strongly agrees with that outcome because of the contributions that the author contribute towards the given tasks of the group and the self discipline the author has. The ESTJ type of personality is more essential towards the success of the group, because in a group there will be different personalities such as INFP. This kind of personality reacts to group dynamics differently as ompared to ESTJ type of personality. So if the group dynamics are well developed to the benefit of the team, and all different personalities are given platform to express its opinions that will lead to effect working environment. Since team dynamics are more concerned about how the group interact, how tasks are scheduled from the start to the end and also how the decision making is made, the personality type of the author of this paper allows the author to fit in any kind of working environment. Knowing what is expected of you in a group, that’s what makes team members to work effectively and deliver what is expected of them. When the team roles are divided is done according to the expertise of an individual member of the group, hence that will enhance productivity within the group. The author of this paper has the very power full mind of looking at things in a way in which will benefit the group. References http://www.personalitypathways.com/MBTI_intro.html http://www.socionics.com/main/types.htm http://www.mypersonality.info/personality-types/judging-perceiving/

Semiotic Analysis

2012 Unit Profile Unit Code Unit Title Provider Unit Type Level of Study EFTSL Delivery Method SGY110 Australian and Global Society Macquarie University UGRD Undergraduate Level 1 0. 125 Fully Online Unit Overview Commence your studies of society by learning about the sociological framework and establish skills for life. You will be introduced to many of the ways in which sociologists think about the most intimate aspects of life – such as sexuality, the family and gender – as well as to larger and often impersonal structural features, such as social class, the labour market and social policy.You will also have the opportunity to use social research techniques such as interviews and observation in the real world, as well as to uncover the secrets often hidden in other sources of information and data. Topics 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. What is sociology? History of sociology and key ideas What is a social fact?Australian families Gender, language and dominatio n The life course – growing up in the 21st century Religion and social change Media, race and ethnicity Class and inequality Work, employment and society Crime and society Globalisation: the world as social context Learning Outcomes At the completion of this unit students will: 1. be familiar with the key sociological concepts as they are applied to the study of Australian society 2. be aware of existing patterns of social structure and the processes and nature of change currently taking place 3. ave developed a broad understanding of the nature and methods of social science 4. be able to use basic social research skills to undertake some types of original, primary research under supervision. Page 1 2012 Unit Profile Assessment – Non-Invigilated Exam – Take Home Exam (30%) Online Discussion (15%) Report1 – Investigative Report (40%) Report2 – Thematic Activity Report (15%) Textbooks Prerequisites Special Requirements This unit does not have a presc ribed textbook(s). – Broadband access Page 2

Politics and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics and Society - Essay Example From 1753 through 1801, William Pitt came up with the right bestowed on the prime minister to request other ministries to reign and establish it. The only record up to year 1916 evidencing the decisions of the cabinet was a letter done by the Prime Minister to be sent to the Monarch. Some of the posts that were created in year 1916 were the secretary of the cabinet and the secretariat of the cabinet. (number10.gov.uk, 2011) Peele in his book says that in 2004, the system of government in Britain was that of cabinet. This system has all the political as well as executive leadership being provided by the cabinet. This cabinet is made up of few senior ministers who are heads of various main departments. The head of the cabinet is the Prime Minister. The position of premiership is devoid of formal powers, but is usually above the other ministers in superiority. The power bestowed to the Prime Minister is, thus, legitimate in the collective government. Therefore, the Prime Minister is jus t but the ministers’ team leader. This government in entirety is the one responsible for all the decisions reached in parliamentary proceedings. Despite the fact that Macmillan in 1957 to 1963 suggested how a cabinet type of governance should be, the current cabinet system in the UK is altogether different. Changes are evident in many levels of the system, with the prominence of premiership being a source of power imbalance in the cabinet. (Peele, 2004 p127) The most senior of the positions in the cabinet are usually filled by the appointments made by the Prime Minister subsequent to an election. All persons holding the positions in the cabinet of the UK are usually serving members of parliament. The senior most positions in the cabinet are Foreign Secretary, Deputy Prime Minister, Exchequer’s Chancellor and the Home Secretary. The holders of the office are usually announced immediately after every general election’s result. This is mostly after one or two days afterwards the appointments of minor positions in the cabinet are made public knowledge. (historylearningsite.co.uk, 2011) In Britain, coalitions approach of governance have happened severally and arrangements as well as pacts alike. Coalitions are usually established to bring resolutions to predicaments. Some of these predicaments arise from crisis nationally like the popular Great Wars in the 1900s, while some of the crisis that call for coalition governments are economic (for instance, the 1930s National Government). Other crises that bring about a coalition government are political like the 1970s’ which was formed due to a small majority by the labour party. (Oaten, 2007 p11) A coalition government is defined as simply a system of governance where a government is made up of at least two parliamentary parties. This type of governance is not common in systems where there is a plural system of election and two-party systems. It is a common occurrence in proportional represen tation systems of governance, though. There are also special circumstances that require for this type of governance like where after an election, none of the contesting parties makes plural votes in a convincing manner or even scenarios needing a united purpose nationally. Parties

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

Discussion Questions - Essay Example I prefer Theory Y as an employee and as a manager. Self-motivated employees are beneficial for the organization. Employees gain success through hard-work and doing their work right. They can also prove their work through constant enthusiasm, taking on new ventures, and bringing in creative work processes. In my work, I have gained excellence through constant hard-work and introducing creative work, breaking the old chain and trying to make it as new as the time. I admire my team leader who is authoritative, creative yet open to new changes. He does not believe that he is the boss of all and at the same time he does not take credit for other’s work; he ensures that all his employees are rewarded accordingly. A group is a number of things and persons who have some relationship to one another; it is a subset of a culture or a society. A team is any group of people involved in the same activity, especially referring to work (Boundless, 2014). A team is a subset of group; a team tends to be closer and work together and holds stronger sense of collective identity. High performance team is one which delivers results. I have been a part of the team that introduces credit lines to the microfinance industry. The team work had paid off due because of the contribution of expert advice from each group member. If my team is having difficulty in taking a decision, I would sit with the team members and discuss the reason for this difficulty and the possibility of arriving at a decision. All humans are different and need to be communicated to differently; that is why a decision well understood by one person does not mean that it is understood by all other employees as well. I have dealt with clients from different countries including Bangladesh, India, and Turkey. I have always dealt with the companies differently, because same decisions have to be communicated separately to different companies. I took into account the cultural and ethical aspects of

ASSESSMENT 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ASSESSMENT 2 - Essay Example This demonstrates the interdependence that exists between the managerial decisions made by the two firms and this affects the pricing and output in the market. Monopolistic market structure is characterized by the presence of multiple of firms that sell similar but non-identical products to equally informed consumers. Consumers are thus presented with an opportunity of picking either product from any of the consumers, as they are substitutes of each other and thus serve the same purpose. Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson first described the monopolistic market structures in the 1930s and generated the characteristics of such a market. Duopoly and monopolistic market structures differ significantly in the number of producers, type of goods and the government influence that is exerted in each situation. This paper seeks to highlight the differences between the two market structures and this affects the performances of the firms involved. The paper also seeks to provide a case study of firms in the united states that operate under the two different market structures and how their success and failure has been influenced by this market struct ure (Weron and Weron, 438). The first obvious characteristic of duopoly market is the presence of only two firms, sellers or produces whose actions or lack of it affects the managerial decisions of the other. For long, a number of firms in the United States have operated under a duopoly market structure but has since changed due innovation and technological advancement. Pepsi and Coca-Cola are the major soft drink manufacturers in the United States and they literally control the market and its dynamics. Visa and MasterCard have also remained as the major plastic money providers not just in the United States but also in major economies around the world (Weron and Weron, 439). In a duopoly market structure, the decisions made by one of

Global News Agenda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Global News Agenda - Essay Example When they launched the Al-Jazeera international, their assumed audience became the Arabs and the world at large (Cushion and Lewis 2010). The construction of news to their assumed audience however does not reflect the main aim of launching the media house. This is because diversity does not mean constructing news which reflects distant suffering and violence. Al-Jazeera do construct news not to reflect the ideas of people out their but they construct news in a way in which they portray different instances as though they were speaking out of their own views. Construction of its assumed audience Argument against the construction of its assumed audience Though some of the news constructed by Al-Jazeera meets the aims of which the TV was set up of focusing on development of world issues, most of them do not meet this aims as they are constructed not to bring in diversity but to portray the suffering of other people from other countries (Ginneken 1998). Even though, Al-Jazeera is global n ews form, most of its aims are not met by the construction of its news to its target audience. ... America’s summit ends in acrimony 2. Israel soldier suspended for gun-butt attack 3. Taliban assault on Afghan Capital ‘over’ 4. Breivik says not guilty over the killings in Norway Looking at these media articles, one will get a negative picture of the individual and the countries depicted. The four articles seem to bring the development of world issues to the door step of the assumed audience and also bring diversity to the Arab News. However, the ‘them’ versus ‘us’ is evident in the four articles, and it may have negative consequences like economic consequences to the assumed target (Malek & Kavoori 2000). The Al-Jazeera international news is watched all over the globe, and this means that these four articles have been watched globally and the individual and countries affected may suffer economically due to withdrawal effect from the other countries. The articles paint a bad picture of the individual and the countries and no one would e ver like to be associated with people with a bad image or even invest in a country which has political disability or one with wars(Burton 2010). The satellite TV news is sponsored by Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa. The reasons for his sponsorship are to shore up the Western support in case of any attack. His sponsorship is also a show of his commitment to making Qatar progressive Islamic states that welcome the western investment and to build a global Muslim identity and Tran’s national Islamic imagined community. Judging from the reasons as to why the satellite news were formed, it is evident that the Al-Jazeera the main interest were the Arabs and more so the people of Qatar and that is why the media house reports ‘bad’ things on other countries. In

Critically consider Judith Butlers work on performativity Essay

Critically consider Judith Butlers work on performativity - Essay Example Butlers several statements show the social and cultural pressures that lead to performativity in gender, there is a lack of definition with subjectivity, individual identity and outside gender theories. Her several works show the levels that relate to the performance as gender; however, there are also several debates over the identification of individuals that may be outside of the performativity that Butler suggests. The first set of concepts that are approached with Butler’s theories of performativity is to define what this means and which actions it constitutes when one is performing the idea of gender. The basis of this theory is to show that gender is not one that is recognized as an internal and natural means, but is instead a performance that one carries out. This requires specific attributes for one to become a gender and to perform the identity of gender. Butler notes that this is not something that is self – constituted and requires external means to influence the idea of gender identity. It is also noted that performativity and gender is not a performance that is only taken into consideration at certain points. Butler points out that this would limit the identity of gender as it is seen by others. Instead, this concept is one that is practiced by an individual repeating specific acts and continuing to accept them as a part of their identity. This turns into the identity a nd condition of the subject as it is practiced and continuously repeated. â€Å"This iterability implies that performance is not a singular act or event, but a ritualized production, a ritual reiterated under and through constraint, under and through force of prohibition and taboo, with the threat of ostracism and even death controlling and compelling the shape of the production† (Butler, 95, 1993). The idea of performativity for gender identity is then one that begins with a basic act that continues to be repeated. As this occurs, it becomes a taboo in society until it

Principles of Advertising(Mini Campaign) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Advertising(Mini Campaign) - Essay Example Having its foundations rooted in sustainable agriculture, which produces exceptional food product quality, the farm-organization is family owned. This history is traceable to humble beginnings, where a family was able to organize its farm into the present entity it is. The presence of an on-farm processing plant, which aids in the freezing and pureeing of produce immediately after hours, aids in enhancing overall freshness, quality and nutritional value. This is best exemplified by the farm’s certification of sustainability, by the Food Alliance. Initial business venturing was on fruits and vegetables that were sustainably grown and subsequently individually quick-frozen. It is these produce that were first marketed under the brand name – Stahlbush Island Farms, in their characteristic Kraft paper packaging. It is this background, which provided for the later entry of canned, organic gourmet purees, under Trademark Farmers. Successful launch of these products provides an avenue of diversification, as later on showcased by the unveiling of pumpkin based pet food supplements. Environmentally conscious, the family-owned business later ventures into biogas production, through construction of a biogas plant. The target market for the farm would be drawn from different sectors, discussing the unveiling of organic foods and farm produce. Of primary importance are local community members of the State, which is primarily an agricultural setting. The audience present would include women group members, representative, and farmers, especially those practicing large-scale farming. In addition would be government agency representatives, who stand for different agencies and institutions concerned with farming, product quality assurance and environmental management. There would also be the likely possibility of academic minds, keen on engaging further on the overall

Scientific Method and Primate Observation Essay

Scientific Method and Primate Observation - Essay Example Checking on how the non human primates relate amongst themselves, the way of feeding after hunting and how they hunt for food on daily bases. How do the non human primates get the daily bread and how they share the food? What is the level of intelligence of the non human primates and their way of handling hard tasks? This is the way the primates simplify the tasks that they face on their daily lives. Non human primates like other primates that are the human beings they mate and reproduce. How do they mate? How do they care for their young ones? Non human primates have household responsibilities just like human beings the Homo sapiens. The males have the responsibility to cater for their families by providing food and security to the females and children. The non human primates have a much enhanced social life in that they are capable of organizing meeting and even scheming politics in their habitats. Relationships The non human primates exhibit team work in communities which have mal es, females and young ones. They live in a communal way that depicts the level of unity that is in the community of the primates. In this way, they are able to interact leading to a more social life hence more innovation to the young ones. This is the way the young ones get knowledge and skills on which to survive in their habitat (Brunch 30). In the communities, they live harmoniously and hence improved security within the community because when they are in groups they intimidate enemies hence scaring them away. But this is not the case with all primates. Under keen observation, some primates live solitary lives hence the case of security due to groups will not apply. When the primates live as individuals the factor of social skills that are with other primates will not be distributed fairly hence this is a disadvantage to the lone primates. On view from far in the cradle land of non human primates, the dangers are very many and prevalent at any time (Brunch 90). This gives rise to the importance of groups and communities within the primates that are security. Habitation and Food Hunting The primates are very funny animals in the way they live from their day to day lives. They do not show intention to have any specific habitation, but they modify temporary nests where they spend overnight. Monkeys abide in certain tree branches, but they do not make nests. This is shown by the nest's absence in the trees where they sleep overnight. In the search for food males go hunting and bring home food in the evening for females and young ones (Brunch 69). This is a major duty that they have prior to offering security and company to the females and young ones. The primates’ females take a major responsibility in educating the young ones on the best vegetation for their food. One will see the females even educating the young ones on the best tools to use for simplifying the hard tasks that they meet on their way. This gives the young ones knowledge on what is good for them and what is not edible for them (Fleagle 45). Most of these primates join in hunting and after the hunt they put the food and share it first to the young ones then to the females. Due to lack of knowledge about storage of food by the non human primates they do not store any food for future use but they live from hand to mouth. Therefore, they look for food each and every day so as to feed

Belonging Essay Example for Free

Belonging Essay Belonging, in essence, refers to the notion associated with the connections individuals make with people, groups and places. Conversely, by belonging to a certain group or place others are indirectly excluded from belonging in the process. Belonging is a connection that we all, as humans, instinctively seek out; it forms part of our natural behavior. Through this process of belonging we ultimately conform and grow as a person, the outcome through which is our place in society is established. The Immigrant Chronicle† by Peter Skrzynecki illustrates how difficult finding a sense of belonging can be by raising the issues experienced when attempting to assimilate in a new cultural environment with all the associated physical, personal and social changes. Similarly, Jeffery Smart’s painting â€Å"The New School† and the short film ‘Mr Cheng’ explore how barriers can hinder our sense of acceptance and belonging. Though it is an innate need to belong it is not always achieved. This idea is accentuated throughout â€Å"In the Folk Museum† as the composer struggles to relate to a history and culture which is not his own. The visit highlights his inner conflict of not knowing where he belongs. He does not feel like a ‘true’ Australian who may look at such ‘relics’ and see cultural significance to them and understand their historical value. Rather he views them in a detached sense â€Å"To remind of a past/ Which isn’t mine†. The poet uses a faceless caretaker as a representative of Australia’s past. She sits next to a â€Å"winnowing machine† an agricultural machine that separates grain from chaff, creating a metaphor for separating the ‘true’ Australians from new migrants. The poet illustrates the caretaker as dull and uninviting, matching her hair colour with the grey clay bottle that is in the museum; causing them to appear be made from the same entity adding to the composers discomfort and estrangement. The composer emphasises his lack of belonging by describing the colour of the museum as well as its â€Å"cold as water† touch showing the disconnection and isolation the composer experiences. The poem reinforces this idea, when the composer is asked to sign the visitor’s books emphasising that he is only a viewer of the Australian history rather than a part of it. Likewise â€Å"St Patrick’s College† also portrays the need to belong; however, it reveals that belonging does not always come naturally despite his mothers attempt to find a way to connect through uniform and the schools reputation. The poet explores this attempt to belong in the third stanza by the stress of â€Å"eight years† passing by and yet he is still â€Å"Like a foreign tourist, Uncertain of my destination, Every time I got off. † The poet reinforces this idea again by the repetition of time in the start of the fourth stanza, establishing that no matter how long, he is still not able to belong. Despite the use of uniform, it is evident that it is only a facade, used in order to create an illusion of belonging. It is not the uniform that binds students together, but rather a unique connection shared with individuals and place. (Link to question here and back to thesis). Jeffery Smart’s painting â€Å"The New School† establishes that although belonging is an innate need, it is not always achieved. Smart is described as a social commentator, a witness to the alienated city dweller or worker in a dehumanized landscape. Elements of his paintings are taken from real places but they are modified and generalised. The effect is that he creates universal scenes which could be renderings of any large modern city rather than being anchored in Australia or Europe. The concept of isolation is shown through the individual’s body language and placement of the hands as well as positioning in the painting. She is distant from the other students, as well as the school, showing she does not fit, emphasising her disconnection and lack of belonging. Jeffery Smart also creates a negative feel through the dark colour of the sky and the sadness the girl displays through her facial expression, showing the difficultly to belong and how the individual feels isolation as she has no connection with these people place or groups. Similarly â€Å"In the Folk Museum†, the composer feels alienated not being able to relate to the Australian culture and history. The poem initiates feelings of isolation and disconnection as the poet questions himself and his place in society as he does not experience a link with the history viewed. Both â€Å"St Patrick’s college† and â€Å"The New School† relate to a place and a lack of belonging. Smart furthermore highlights the struggle to belong by the vectors in his painting. This is shown by the lines of the basketball court, fading as they progressively near the individual, emphasising the student’s estrangement from the school. In the same way Mr Cheng experiences a lack of belonging through the vectors employed by the director, as images of his family appear however they fade emphasising his uncertainty of where he belongs. The director revisits the idea of isolation, illustrated through the severed family connections that Mr Cheng has suffered. Mr Cheng’s alienation is echoed throughout the piece as the director emphasises his exclusion throughout the film through Mr Cheng’s portrayal as being secluded from society. This struggle is shown by the projections of his memories on a brick wall throughout the film, creating a metaphor, representing the wall as a barrier, showing that although he possesses these memories he is blocked from accessing his true identity. Peter Skrzynecki’s, ‘The Immigrant Chronicle’, allows one to see the difficulties the poet, as a second generation migrant; experiences, this being, the dichotomy of belonging to a culture which is not his own and the feeling of estrangement from his parents’ culture. This concept is also shown through Jeffery Smart’s painting ‘The New School’ as the individual struggles similar to that of Mr Cheng to relate to an environment which is unfamiliar.

Use Of Standard And Non Standard English | Examples

Use Of Standard And Non Standard English | Examples Context: The speaker it talking about other musician Lilly Allens anti-file-sharing campaign. Analysis: The speaker uses the word innit which is a reduced form of Standard English isnt it but more widely used. It is used in this case as a general purpose tag meaning is that not the case?. The tendency to add a tag question is very common among Estuary speakers at the Cockney end of the spectrum. Short and snappy tags are particularly popular, just like innit?, right?, do I?. Tag questions do not expect an answer. They are only used to increase a dramatic effect or to check that the person being addressed is actually listening. In this case speaker is trying to increase a dramatic effect of his annoyance with the issue. Item 2 I am gutted to be injured. Speaker: Footballer Wayne Rooney Audience: Readers of Daily Mirror Date: Collected at 23/10/2010 Context: He is talking about that he will not be able to assist United on the pitch because he will spend the next three weeks recovering from an ankle injury. Analysis: Word gutted is a informal (slang) term commonly used all over the country by many speakers. It is also very widely used by footballers after a disappointment like in this case when speaker tells the audience that he is upset about his injury. As Online Slang Dictionary gives the definition as: 1. Upset, disappointed. British slang. (Adjective) Word gutted was added to the OED in its 1993 edition, with quotations going back only to 1984 (but, of course, it could be much older in speech). Their senses for it are: bitterly disappointed; devastated, shattered; utterly fed up. Speaker is using this word to express his disappointment. Item 3 Why, its what Im obliged to keep a little of in the house to put into the blessed infants Daffy, when they aint well, Mr. Bumble, replied Mrs. Mann as she opened a corner cupboard, and took down a bottle and glass. Speaker: Mrs. Mann, one of the characters of Charles Dickinsons novel Oliver Twist. Audience: Novel readers Date: Collected at 10/11/2010 Context: The speaker, Mrs. Mann is a woman who runs the orphanage where Oliver grows up and she is talking with other character Mr. Brumble about orphan children. Analysis: The character use word aint which is a colloquialism and contraction for am not, is not, are not, has not, and have not. Charles Dickens used aint form in the speech of many working- or middle-class characters in his works as a Cockney dialect. It is typically associated with working class citizens of London, who were called cockneys which as a word come from a Middle English cokenei, which means city dweller.This kind of dialect has many primary characteristics and one of them is using aint. Many of the traits of cockney speech suggest the lower classes to some observers and not perfect understanding of the English language. Item 4 I dont want no drink Speaker: Friend Audience: Me Date: Collected at 17/11/2010 Context: Spoken by my friend when I have offered to buy him a drink. Analysis: Speaker uses double negative which is use of more than one negative to make a negative statement. In Old English, the more negative particles thrown in the stronger the negative and I think this is what speaker was trying to achieve. Emphatic double negative has a long history in English. Although today it is used in informal language to intensify a negative meaning, its considered unacceptable in Standard English language. It is because of the construction of standard language. When we use double negatives they are canceling each other out, leaving a positive meaning, rather than intensifying a negative. Item 5 Hes my mate. Speaker: Friend Audience: Me Date: Collected at 10/11/2010 Context: Conversation between me and my friend on Facebook about his close friend. Analysis: Speaker used the word mate. It is a non-standard from and in Standard English we would use friend. Word mate is tend to use by Estuary English speakers. In this case speaker is using this form with intention to create a bond of solidarity with the person being addressed. Mate is a social class word and tends to be dropped by Estuary speakers as they progress up the social scale. Item 6 Still, You gotta admit Speaker: One of the characters in teenagers comic book Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Audience: Teenagers Date: Collected at 10/11/2010 Context: Dialog between two characters in comic book. Context: This word is used as a short for got to. It is form of non-standard English and is we change it to standard form it will say You got to admit. This form is used because teenagers are the audience, and it is mainly used by them as a slang word. So by using this form the author makes a piece easy to read and understand for young audience. Item 7 C U later. Speaker: My friend Audience: Me Date: Collected at 15/11/2010 Context: Text message received from my friend. Analysis: This message is written in nonstandard English. SMS language does not always obey or follow standard grammar. In Standard English this sentence should say I will see you later. SMS language is a term for the abbreviations and slang most commonly used due to the necessary brevity of mobile phone messaging. It can be likened to a rebus, which uses pictures and single letters or numbers to represent whole words. For words which have no common abbreviation, users most commonly remove the vowels from a word, and the reader is required to interpret a string of consonants by re-adding the vowels. This type of language is used because it saves more time in communicating between each other. Item 8 To move is to stir; and to be valiant is to stand: therefore, if thou art moved, thou runnst away. Speaker: Gregory, on of the characters of William Shakespeare play Romeo and Juliet. Audience: Readers Date: Collected at 18/11/2010 Context: Dialog between two characters in a play. Analysis: Shakespeare uses word thou. The word thou (in most dialects) is a second person singular pronoun in English. It is now largely archaic and its been replaced in almost all contexts by you. It is now used today as a Standard English language but it is still used in parts of Northern England, some Scots dialects, and a handful of US towns. Item 9 The internet is often held up as the main reason for declining newspaper sales and dwindling revenues. Speaker: University of Oxford on University website. Audience: Readers of the website Date: Collected at 15/11/2010 Context: Article about The future of the international news industry. Analysis: It is Standard English Language. It is used because it is spoken by University of Oxford which use high level of spoken language and use correct grammar. Item 10 Every time you open your mouth to speak, there are infinite possibilities in terms of the words which you might choose and their potential combinations. Speaker: Teachers notes Audience: Students Date: Received month ago Context: Notes about language Analysis: Teacher used Standard Language because of the importance of notes, document for students which should be written in this form of language. Section 3 There is a big argument about if strong accents and dialects are dying out. It is important first to explain meaning of those two terms which are used very often interchangeable but in linguistic terms they refer to different aspects of language variation. Accent as a term is reserved for whole patterns of pronunciation typical of a particular region or social group. The term dialect covers more differences including pronunciation and distinctions in vocabulary and sentence structure. Based on many surveys, researchers declare that its a big misunderstanding that regional dialects and accents in English Language are disappearing. They try to prove that all languages are constantly changing and some words will disappear from common use only to be replaced by other. Those changes might be a result of political or social pressures, such immigration, colonisation or invasion. Language changes the most by people influencing each other. Through interactions with speakers of different age, gender and ethnicity, social and educational background and from different geographical places we encounter and integrate in our own speech new words, pronunciations and expressions. Work of Lesley Milroy shows how open social networks are important factors in language change. I her famous study in Belfast she investigated three poor working -class communities with a high incidence of unemployment: Ballymacarrell, Hammer and Clonard and she were introduced to them as a friend of a friend. She was able to maintain contact with these groups over a period of time during which she was able to investigate the connection between the integration of individuals in the community and the way they speak. She incorporated into her analysis a description of two types of social networks to which her speakers belonged: open in which the number of community ties in the network is low (not everyone knows everyone else) and closed in which each member of the network has several ties with other member s of network. Result of her study showed the importance of closed networks for dialect maintenance. Those networks tend to be conservative force on change in language in the community. They enable people to maintain non-standard dialects, rural or urban, despite pressure from standard language through education or media. Because people are tend to be more socially and geographically mobile these days we are more possible to live in opened networks and those present more favorable conditions for language change as such networks lack a linguistic norm of their own. There is another increasing evidence that Standard English dialects are coming under pressure by Estuary English, regional varieties spoken in and around London and as the originator of the term ,David Rosewarne, described it :a mixture of non-regional and local south-easter English pronunciation and intonation (Rosewarne,1994: 3).The broadcast media are playing the biggest role in these changes. Sociolinguists (Stuart-Smith et al., 2006) have observed that young working-class adolescents in Glasgow, who had no direct contact with Southern English but are keen viewers of network soap operas such as Eastenders, are capable of reproducing Media Cockney forms in spontaneous interaction with each other. This shows how broadcast media are opening up a repertoire of different speaking styles (including accents) especially for younger speakers and how they influence them. Through many years, some English dialects have been treated more positively than others. People always have been making assumptions based on the way how we speak by judging some dialects or accents as being too posh, aggressive, unfriendly, harsh, unintelligent or common. For example speakers of prestige accent, known as Received Pronunciation (RP) are rated more highly than regionally accented speakers in terms of general competence (e.g. ambition, intelligence, self-confidence, determination and industriousness. This accent was spoken by merchant classes of London in the fourteen century and was familiar to students attending the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in the Middle Ages and today it is a preferred pronunciation for reading BBC news bulletins and for teaching English as a second language. This is how use of RP by members of middle and upper classes was a sign of prestige and status when more regionally marked accents were treated opposite. In conclusion : the higher u p the social scale, the more likely is to find the single accent-RP, the lower down the social scale, the more likely is to find regional variation. This is how Birmingham accent is often disliked in terms of its nasal whine, because of its association with a large industrial conurbation. Much more positive reaction will be registered for the Southern Irish accent which will be praised for sounding soft and warm. Same as other accents with similar ethnic rural associations such as Welsh, Scottish and West Country accents will evoke positive judgments. Many people suffer because of this irrational prejudice. Im polish and I speak with a different accent and most of the time people are making deductions from it about my person, my job, character and my status. But I believe that the fact that we judge some of the dialects and accents as more posh or intelligent than others is based more on social, rather than linguistic criteria. I think dialects and accents should be a source of pride and a reflection of cultural identity but in the same time I think that language change should not be perceived as a negative thing. Most of the contemporary linguistic commentators accept those changes in language like changes in society which are unavoidable. English language has always been changing and will continue to do so, but I think we need to think about this as a positive process, process occasionally regrettable but mostly the one which is renewing and refreshing English language making it flexible and very modern but still showing huge li nks to its past. Section 4 Use of standard and non-standard English may cause many difficulties in many educational situations. To explain this I would like to concentrate first on what standard and non-standard language is. Standard language is the type of language which is thought as a correct in schools, using correct grammar and avoiding slang words and expressions and mostly used in formal situations. This type of language is written in a correct form of spelling and it is spoken in a standard accent such as English Received Pronunciation. Non-standard language is mostly used in informal situations and its using grammars and words and accents which are special to a particular place. It often contains expressions which are regarded as incorrect in standard language. Children first identify themselves with language of their parents and they construct language system which accords well with those around them. As they increasingly interact with siblings and other relatives, they learn the language of interaction with peers or language of the neighborhood (the local dialect).In school they meet different form of language, Standard English. Therefore they start to learn that they have different identities which they share with their families, friends and community and that they have a linguistic loyalty to them. Children usually cope well with this mismatch: they learn there is a school language and how to switch from that language to language they speak at home. This process is called code switching. But it also cause lots of difficulties and teachers are trying to help children to become more aware of the grammatical differences between the formal Standard English and the informal home language. These way children learn how to select appropriate la nguage to use in the given context. As a part of a government pilot programme, banning British children from speaking patois in school, student at one of the schools at South London were taught that speaking non-standard language is only appropriate in certain circumstances and that they need to use Standard English. Inspectors found that children were using very often in their work local speech, colloquial phrases and Creole. Bill Cosby, one of the most famous American comedians was backing up this campaign. He was mainly concerned about constant use of street slang contributing to educational failure of black pupils, particularly boys from Afro-Caribbean backgrounds. This playground patois has become the only way of communication for some children very badly affecting their educational achievements. Emma Thompson, famous British actress also commented about the necessity of speaking two different types of English. Her comments were based on recent studies which have shown that hal f of teenenagers cant see the difference between Standard English grammar and colloquial language. This is all happening because of use of social networking websites and the popularity of mobile phone text messaging which is undermining childrens literacy skills. Also TV programmes which use a great deal of slang are an issue. Some parents and teachers have complained in the past that children are picking up slang and catchphrases from watching TV programs, and the hearing poor English on television can affect the way kids write and speak. Even some of the MPs were worried about the use of slang and non-standard English on children shows. They were worried that children would pick up bad habits and they will start using some of the phrases like aint and you was. I think teachers should have a biggest impact on children in using the right form of language by showing children that all equivalent forms of language are correct when they are used appropriately. Instead of regarding that Standard English is correct in all cases and outlawing all dialect forms we need to explain to students that both, their Standard English and local dialects are good to use but in the different context for which they are appropriate. Secondly teachers should encourage students to use spoken Standard English in the classroom, not by correcting them but by giving them experience of speaking in many different kinds of public roles such as judges, newsreaders or interviewers. They could take part in oral presentations presented to several classes or even had a chance to ask questions some of the visitors to the school like of policemen or firemen. Children should be able to see difference between standard language and colloquial language and should be able to know when to use it. I believe not being able to do so could hugely affect their future. Children who are only fluent in non-standard language are more likely to have problems in academic field. Those who only speak nonstandard form of English have often difficulty reading and writing with proficiency in Standard English. This leads to situation that children are uneducated and in a future they are less likely to advance their careers. Using proper language overall leads to higher pay jobs, bigger social mobility and a great social success. It creates powerful impression when we speak Standard English. Other people see us as intelligent and well informed when we use correct grammar and when we show high level of vocabulary. It opens up opportunities that are closed for those who use any form of non-standard language. Bibliography Class notes Assorted information for Access English Language Level 3 Coggle, P. (1993). Do you speak Estuary? Bloomsbury Milroy, J. Milroy, L. (1999). Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English. 3rd edn. London and New York: Routledge. Milroy, L. (1980). Language and social networks. 3rd edn. Oxford. Milroy, L. (1987). Observing and Analysing Natural Language: A Critical Account of Sociolinguistic Method. London: Basil Blackwell. Montgomery, M. 1995. An introduction to language and society. 3rd edn. London. http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/latest/2009/09/27/musician-slams-file-sharing-rant-115875-21705142/ http://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/latest/2010/10/23/rooney-determined-to-regain-form-115875-22652926/ http://www.online-literature.com/dickens/olivertwist/3/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/buffy/ecomics/baddog/02.shtml http://shakespeare.mit.edu/romeo_juliet/romeo_juliet.1.1.html http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2010/101122.html

The Bubonic Plague in Europe :: essays research papers

The Black Death in Europe 1 Abstract The Black Death in Europe was one of the continents worth natural disasters. The bubonic plague wiped out nearly 60% of the population, causing changes that took many years to recover. The effects of art are astonishing. Every person and social class were affected, the church lost prestige and power, as did the doctors and physicians. Politics changes for a short time and the nobility lost wealth. Fear was wide spread, and people lost trust of their families. No one could escape the carnage this illness brought, if they tried, they succeeded in bringing it with them. The Black Death in Europe 2 Knox (page 15) states that the population losses were staggering, between1347 and 150 nearly 1 to of 3 people where gone. Venetian records stated that the death rates escalated close to 500-600 deaths a day, 60% of Venice’s population was gone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As with medical professions the clergy suffered great losses as well. Theirs was an occupational hazard; entering the home of the sick, doctors were at greater risk of catching the illness themselves. The clergy had to give the dieing their last rights and preside over the burials, this made for their demise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As indicated by Knox (page12) those who were learned hade some ideas about what was causing the disease such poisonous vapors released by constellation alignments. They recommended that no fat meant should be eaten at all and bathing was hazardous, these suggestions only made to make people more vulnerable to the plague. The only real action taken that worked was confinement, cities walled themselves off from incoming ships and would quarantine and ill persons house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the population losses the labor forse was reduced, there was a greater need for crafts men and skilled laborers. Guilds began opening their doors to other skilled peoples, because when and skilled man died his whole family usually got the plague as well, this mad openings for others. Towns began to advertise higher wages to those artisans and those with skills. If the miller died and the sickens was in his home, then the miller family passed away also, this left none to mill the grain, therefore towns were in need of help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Black Death in Europe 3 According to Marchione di Coppo Stefani (1370-1380) people looked to the doctors and the clergy for answers and advice, neither had the answers nor the cure. â€Å" In the year of the Lord 1348 the was a great pestilence in the city of Florence.

THE SKY IS GRAY Essay -- essays research papers

Life Changing Journeys: â€Å"The Sky is Gray†, â€Å"Blue Winds Dancing† and â€Å"The Hammon and the Beans† In the three short stories that we have read, the main characters take life-changing journeys. As we continue to read about these stories we find James in The Sky is Gray, the Native American from Blue Winds Dancing and Chonita in the Hammon and the Beans have traveled three separate roads, allowing us to view their journeys in three different ways. James in â€Å"The Sky is Gray† shows a black male growing up in a home without a father figure present learns the life lesson of poverty yet proud. The Native American in â€Å"Blue Winds Dancing† deals with belonging to the Native American world and the â€Å"white man’s world† while truly identifying himself. Chonita in the â€Å"Hammon and the Beans† deals with pov...

Mass-Observation, Microscopy, and the Everyday Essay -- Essays Papers

Mass-Observation, Microscopy, and the Everyday The everyday is an assimilation of fragmented happenings that are interwoven to manifest society. A general stereotype of society can not be drawn from a single fragment, but must be created through an examination of the relationships between individual pieces. Every fragment, no matter how banal, contributes to the understanding of the everyday. In order to study the everyday, the use of microscopy and Mass-Observation are essential because they provide a way of viewing the everyday in a way that is unfamiliar. Every minute atom is part of a whole intricate system of operations. Though the atom is minute, the way it interacts with the objects around it is important. Whether it is transmitting information, relaying information, or interacting with another atom, these inner-workings combine to create a functional system. In the everyday, the smallest of fragments is important to understanding society and what drives it through time. Interactions of fragments give insight into the general environment in which the fragment belongs. Formally, examiners of the everyday focused on studying society through large social structures. Simmel, one of the major theorists in German philosophy and social science around the turn of the century, views the everyday differently. He believes that the everyday can not be studied on the macroscopic level, but instead should be viewed at the microscopic level (Ben Highmore 37). Simmel emphasizes using microscopic investigations of interactions between fragm ents to gain insight into the everyday (Highmore 37). His project of ‘microscopy’ allows for the fragments of the everyday to be studied in a way that generalized society as a whole. ... ...nd analyzed. Though social microscopy it used to study the social aspect of the everyday, every fragment is important. Simmel stated â€Å"Even the lowest, intrinsically ugly phenomenon can be dissolved into contexts of color and form, feeling and experience which provide it with significance† (Highmore 39). It is through microscopy and Mass-Observation that the everydayness of society is studied in a way that is made unfamiliar. Works Cited - Bancroft, Angus. â€Å"Georg Simmel.† Introduction to Sociology. (Nov. 1998). 8 Nov. 2004 . - Baudelaire, Charles. Paris Spleen. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1970. - Highmore, Ben. Everyday Life and Cultural Theory. London and New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2002. - Kafka, Franz. The Trial. New York: Schocken Books Inc., 1998. Mass-Observation, Microscopy, and the Everyday Essay -- Essays Papers Mass-Observation, Microscopy, and the Everyday The everyday is an assimilation of fragmented happenings that are interwoven to manifest society. A general stereotype of society can not be drawn from a single fragment, but must be created through an examination of the relationships between individual pieces. Every fragment, no matter how banal, contributes to the understanding of the everyday. In order to study the everyday, the use of microscopy and Mass-Observation are essential because they provide a way of viewing the everyday in a way that is unfamiliar. Every minute atom is part of a whole intricate system of operations. Though the atom is minute, the way it interacts with the objects around it is important. Whether it is transmitting information, relaying information, or interacting with another atom, these inner-workings combine to create a functional system. In the everyday, the smallest of fragments is important to understanding society and what drives it through time. Interactions of fragments give insight into the general environment in which the fragment belongs. Formally, examiners of the everyday focused on studying society through large social structures. Simmel, one of the major theorists in German philosophy and social science around the turn of the century, views the everyday differently. He believes that the everyday can not be studied on the macroscopic level, but instead should be viewed at the microscopic level (Ben Highmore 37). Simmel emphasizes using microscopic investigations of interactions between fragm ents to gain insight into the everyday (Highmore 37). His project of ‘microscopy’ allows for the fragments of the everyday to be studied in a way that generalized society as a whole. ... ...nd analyzed. Though social microscopy it used to study the social aspect of the everyday, every fragment is important. Simmel stated â€Å"Even the lowest, intrinsically ugly phenomenon can be dissolved into contexts of color and form, feeling and experience which provide it with significance† (Highmore 39). It is through microscopy and Mass-Observation that the everydayness of society is studied in a way that is made unfamiliar. Works Cited - Bancroft, Angus. â€Å"Georg Simmel.† Introduction to Sociology. (Nov. 1998). 8 Nov. 2004 . - Baudelaire, Charles. Paris Spleen. New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1970. - Highmore, Ben. Everyday Life and Cultural Theory. London and New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2002. - Kafka, Franz. The Trial. New York: Schocken Books Inc., 1998.

What Exactly Is the American Dream

Aysia S. Bertrand What Exactly is the American Dream? The word â€Å"American Dream’’ is something that all Americans think about having every day. The â€Å"American Dream† can be used in many ways like having the dream job you always wanted, living a perfect and happy life, or owning a well money making business. Depending on how each person visualizes his or her â€Å"American Dream† determines whether he or she sees success or failure. The â€Å"American Dream† as something each individual would go through and not let anyone or anything stand in the way to achieve that dream.In my opinion the â€Å"American Dream† is like a goal. A goal one must follow to accomplish ones dream, whether it is a short or long term goal. The â€Å"American Dream† is what makes the society, because everybody is trying to make it to the top of being the best they can be. Determination, motivation, and patience can lead to a successful American Dream,â €  however, giving up, laziness, and lack of knowledge due to failure will keep one from achieving that dream.Determination is the act or an instance of making a decision. It is a choice one has to make in achieving into that â€Å"American Dream. † If it is something one must have; for example, a big time promotion of being a manager or finding a cure for cancer, then he or she should go out of their way to be successful in achieving ones â€Å"American Dream. † Motivation is the reason one has for acting or behaving in a particular way. In this case one might need motivation in achieving the â€Å"American Dream† it is an incentive.If there is somebody one really trusts or who he or she can really count on to help and motivate them in to achieving that â€Å"American Dream† then when the time has come that â€Å"American Dream† will be rewarded to he or she for their hard work all because of the motivation he or she is getting. By receiving th at â€Å"American Dream† ones need to have patience, the capacity to accept or tolerate delay, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset. To succeed at anything one must have patience and persistence.It requires hard work, persistence and a desire for something better, by having those qualities and the desire and ambition to carry the important part of the â€Å"American Dream. † Sometimes in getting the success in the â€Å"American Dream† one must have to be patience in order for that special dream to come a reality. The â€Å"American Dream† might not come till one least expected it. The â€Å"American Dream† might come the next day or it will probably come in two years or so. One must have patience in order be successful in achieving at getting the â€Å"American Dream. Individuals who are giving up, Laziness, and lack of knowledge will lead one into failure from achieving ones dream. When giving up on anything that is trying to hel p one achieve a successful â€Å"American Dream† most likely he or she is leading into the road of failure. Giving up is not going to get an individual anywhere. If your lazy one is not going to get anything accomplish whatever that â€Å"American Dream† might be to him or her will not be fulfilled. If one is trying to get a decent job he or she is not going to sit around waiting for the job to come to them.They are going to do whatever it takes to get that â€Å"American Dream† job. Success only comes to those who prepare well and put in effort. Having lack of knowledge can stop one from achieving the â€Å"American Dream† because without having an education it is kind of hard to achieve anything in life especially if one trying is to get a good paying job. Everybody needs to be educated if one is trying to achieve the â€Å"American Dream. † Education will always be the number one key to success. Martin Luther King Jr. tates in she speech,† I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American Dream. †(691) In todays’ society, all Americans want what everyone dreams about want which is to live the â€Å"American Dream† by having a big house, dream job, and living a perfect life without stress or regrets. People think they have to be the best and have everything well organized, or they will feel that they are not getting anything accomplished in achieving the â€Å"American Dream. Similar to what is said in James A. Autry essay â€Å"If the â€Å"organization† does not exist in the minds and hearts of the people, it does not exist. No chart can fix that. An organization’s function is simple: to provide a framework, a format a context in which people can effectively use resources to accomplish their goals. † (136-137) Many Individuals should always follow the dream that t hey desire the most, follow that dream until it is accomplished.Some individuals see the â€Å"American Dream† as determining whether he or she sees his or hers as a success or failure. Determination, motivation, and patience can lead one to a successful â€Å"American Dream. † Works Cited Autry, James A. â€Å"Irrevent Thoughts About Organization Charts. † The literature of Work. Ed. Sheila E. Murphy, John G. Sperling, and John D. Murphy. Phoenix: U of Phoenix P, 1991. 136-137. Print. King, Martin Luther, Jr. â€Å"I Have a Dream. † Comp. Jean Wyrick. Steps to writing Well with Additional Readings. 8th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011. 691. Print.

Object-oriented Programming and Data Member

Lab Task Q1: Create a class that includes a data member that holds a â€Å"serial number† for each object created from the class. That is, the first object created will be numbered 1, the second 2, and so on. To do this, you’ll need another data member that records a count of how many objects have been created so far. (This member should apply to the class as a whole; not to individual objects. What keyword specifies this? ) Then, as each object is created, its constructor can examine this count member variable to determine the appropriate serial number for the new object.Add a member function that permits an object to report its own serial number. Then write a main() program that creates three objects and queries each one about its serial number. They should respond I am object number 2, and so on. Use copy constructor for this task both deep and shallow copy. Q2: Create a class calculator. It would have two data members, both integer types. There would be four functio ns add(), sub(), mul() and div(). The mul() and div() functions would be friend functions. Create four objects of the class. Also use copy constructor both shallow and deep copy.There would be a static data member which would count the number of objects. Q3: Create a class GPACalculator. This class would have gpa, cgpa, sessionalMarks, midMarks and finalMarks data members. There would be two functions calculateGPA() and calculateCGPA(). calculateCGPA() would be friend function. You need to create an array of GPACalculator class. The array would be of 5. You also need to give the user option of whether he wants to calculate gpa or cgpa. The grades are as follows: 50 and 53 and 57 and 61 and 64 and 68 and 72 and 75 and 80 and 86 and

Economic Critique Essay

Maintaining a stable economy is no small challenge for any nation however possessing the ability to change and invent new and created ways of maintaining makes for a thriving economy. This newsletter will summarize the different economic factors that affect aggregate demand and supply such as unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates within the United States. Additionally, what fiscal policies are recommended by the United States government and whether or not these policies are effective and getting them back on track are discussed. Unemployment In the current state of unemployment as of July 2013, twenty eight states have had increases, eight states decreases, and fourteen states have had no change in unemployment rates, U.s. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013). It was also reported that in June 2012 the rate was lower by .8 percent from 7.4 percent. While unemployment rates started to shoot to a high not seen in years, in 2008, the economy almost went into a recession. After President Obama took office he signed the Recovery Act in 2009. This act was the catalyst that sprung the economy out of its downward spiral and drove unemployment rates down. The act created more American jobs for out-of-work Americans bringing in 3.5 million jobs, Executive Office of the President (2013). Unemployment is consistently fluctuating and as of recently, the rates have been going down. Due to the government bail-outs and the Reinvestment Act also of 2009, more and more jobs have been created. Construction, road repairs, transit system enhancements and the auto industry in the U.S. have been invested in to restore jobs to the country. As of July 2013 some 7 million jobs have been added to the economy via private sectors contribution of employment for a span of 40 months. This just goes to show that the Recovery Act and the Reinvestment Act have made a sizable impact positively on unemployment to present. Expectations Consumers’ expectations of the economy and where it stands plays a vital role in the consumption expenditures. According to Fazel: â€Å"It has been argued that customers’ expectations about the economy’s future should have an impact on consumers’ decisions about how much to consume and how much to save. While consumers’ expectations seem to be a strong predictor for future consumption expenditures, there are potential statistical problems with the use of current available estimates of consumer’s expectations.† Consumers are not likely to spend or borrow money when the economy is unstable and uncertain therefore the consumption expenditures are down. This is a particular problem for a government trying to stable or maintain stability of its economy. The United States has generally done a good job at keeping their citizens vested in their economy. Consumer Income The United States is one of the greatest countries in the world with a population well over 300 hundred million citizens. It is the producer of the largest gross domestic product of the world. The primary factor contributing to this besides the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time is Consumer income. According to the BLS.gov (2011) â€Å"consumer income is generated through hourly wages, salary, tips, and other forms of income†. In the United States these income brackets can be divided into several classes, which include the Super-Rich (est.0.9%), Rich (est. 5%), Middle Class (majority; 46%), Working Class (est.40-45%), and the Poor (est. 12%) (BLS.gov, 2011). We as a society buy a variety of goods and services with our income resources, which contribute to the United States economy. The graph below demonstrates an average household income for typical U.S Household. Household Income by Quintiles According to the New York Times Data| All Households| Lowest 20%| Second 20%| Middle 20%| Fourth 20%| Highest 20%| Top 5%| Households (in 1000s)| 113,146| 22,629| 22,629| 22,629| 22,629| 22,629| 5,695| Lower limit| $0| $0| $18,500| $34,738| $55,331| $88,030| $157,176| Median number of income earners| 1| 0| 1| 1| 2| 2| 2| Owner occupied| 62.4%| 49.0%| 58.8%| 68.9%| 80.5%| 90.0%| 92.8%| Renter occupied| 29.2%| 48.3%| 39.7%| 29.9%| 18.7%| 9.6%| 6.9%| Non-family households| 31.93%| 58.92%| 40.02%| 29.96%| 19.12%| 11.64%| 9.36%| Family households| 68.06%| 41.06%| 59.97%| 70.04%| 80.87%| 88.35%| 90.61%| Married couple families| 51.35%| 19.03%| 38.89%| 51.00%| 67.05%| 80.08%| 85.59%| Single-male family| 4.32%| 3.08%| 4.64%| 5.69%| 4.89%| 3.30%| 2.47%| Single-female family| 12.38%| 18.94%| 16.43%| 13.35%| 8.93%| 4.24%| 2.54%| Interest Interest rates in one of the major components of why the United States economy is where it is stands today. Interest rate is the cost of borrowing money. The Federal Reserve has lowered interest rates to stabilize the economy. This is one of the fiscal policies they have applied to correct this problem. Yes, the recession of 2007 has caused for lowered interest rates in 2013. The economy has been on a downturn and one of the ways to turn this downward flow around is to lower interest rates. Applying low interest rates will help households across the states save money in addition to businesses finance new spending (â€Å"Why Are Interest Rates Being Kept at a Low Level?† 2013). Furthermore, because of the lowering of interest rates, the United States dollar is depreciating. Another policy the government has created is monetary incentives for businesses in hopes of getting them to hire more employees. This process will work however maybe not in the timeframe people want it to ha ppen. Overall, the Federal Reserve plays a vital role in that depreciation however, it has to for the economy to recover. Unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates all have an effect on the aggregate demand and supply. For example, high unemployment means there are less people working and less money to spend, therefore there is less demand on the economy. Additionally, unemployment could cause lower demand of labor which also effects aggregate demand and this shifts cause the aggregate demand to curve to the left. Next, expectations could increase the aggregate demand if households and businesses feel more comfortable about the stability of the economy, they will be more inclined to invest their money and make large purchases. Consumer income can increase or decrease aggregate demand simply by if a household has disposable income. Consumer expenditure is the largest factor to aggregate demand. When a household has disposable income, it is more  likely the household will spend or invest those funds. If consumption increases, the quantity demanded of goods and services increases therefore the demand for supply increases. On the other hand, if consumption decreases, the quantity demanded of goods and services and supply decreases. Finally, interest rates also play a role in the possible shift of aggregate demand. The higher the interes t rates are for borrowing, the less likely households and businesses will want to borrow. When interest rates increases, investments decreases and conversely, when interest rates decreases, investments increases. Unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates can have a positive or negative effect on the aggregate demand and supply. In conclusion, maintaining a stable economy is enormous challenge that must be dealt with extreme care. The United States have created new ways of stabilizing its economy even though it was on the verge of a recession such as creating jobs for the unemployed and incentives for businesses hiring new employees. The different economic factors that affect the economy are unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates. The United States has done a good job in managing these different factors. Lowering interest rates will help the economy create revenue because consumers are more willing to borrow and spend money. The United States has incorporated these policies in effort to stable their economy. Thus far, they are the right track. References: (2013). Retrieved from http://whitehouse.gov/economy (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/home.htm (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/consumer.htm, Retrieved on 08/26/2013 (2013). Retrieved from http:/www.bls.gov/ers/unemployment Fazel, S. (2005, Spring). Consumers’ Expectation and Consumption Expenditures. Journal for Economic Educators, 5(), 1-5. Why Are Interest Rates Being Kept at a Low Level?. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/money_12849.htm

Alan Mulally Ford Motor Company

The content of this paper is to outline the roles of leadership and how it affects organizational performance. It then discusses the role of Allan Mulally’s, CEO of Ford Motor Company, leadership style. The paper also presents how Mulally’s decision to set a goal increased the company’s performance and mentioning how Allan Mulally’s openness has gained him trust and helped him to reach his goal. Finally, my point of view on the impact of Mulally’s leadership style and how it effects the organization. Leadership is guiding people toward productive results to achieve the goals of the organization. An effective leader has the ability to motivate and influence others. Leadership influences organizational performance depending on the level to which the leader enables managers and team leaders to plan, organize, control, and act effectively. By accepting authority, responsibility, and accountability, managers can confidently face though situations that require decisions made. Faced with an overwhelmingly complex situation, Alan Mulally has been brought in as Ford Motor Company's new president and CEO. As diverse global dynamics confront the company and competitive pressures continue to build, he has the challenging task of improving Ford's brand image and returning the company to profitability. Mulally has invited your consulting firm to advise his management team on restoring the company's reputation and viability. Leaders significantly influence organization’s success, they must have the ability to develop new ideas, use that idea to set goals, and develop ways to achieve those goals. They must have aspiration to build vision, values, and goals, in order to accomplish great performance. Leaders have the talent to influence other people in order to have them follow him or her and have the ability to motivate the employees. They need to be able to be flexible to changes in its environment like demands, expectations, and pressure. A good leader builds trust, develop opportunities for the employees grow, get them encouraged, listen to employees, and bring up the best of them. By valuing and respecting cultural differences at work, leaders may avoid the negative stereotypes that can affect the company’s success. Leaders need to address the importance of open communications within the organization. Active listening, questioning, and placing emphasis on verbal and written communications between management and subordinates guarantees the company stays on track with the organization’s goal. Recognizing individuals and team differences will help the leader achieve a successful career with the organization. To build trust, the person in charge should be open to communication, be honest and hold integrity, be a risk taker, problem solver, and be able to face reality. Also, another factor that can be included in being a good leader can be the willingness to be open to diversity and a one that sets good ethical competency. It is the leader that will guide an organization to success. â€Å"Allan’s style is pretty relentless,† said the chief financial officer Lewis Booth His look is confident, disciplined, have the desire to succeed and very determined (Hellriegel & Scolum, 2011). He filled five binders with information he collected from interviewing to set plan for Ford Motor. Communication is the key aspect for him, he wants everyone in the company to know what is going on, what the company goal is, how to reach that goal, the position that the company is in, and the fields that need specific awareness. Because of his openness, Mulally gained many support from his employees and built trust. Mulally created cards that were written the four goals on one side and the meaning of the company on the other side to let everyone know what his intentions were. Allan Mulally is a very hands on leader, he expects weekly or sometimes daily updates of all the components of the company. Ford needed someone to point out what needed to be done and how it could be done. Alan Mulally set a goal to increase the sales by 2011 and he developed ways to accomplish that goal. One of his goals was to have Ford sustain its independence and not be taken over by the government. His target was small cars that were fuel efficient and electric cars rather than big trucks, bring up brand new Taurus to build brand, differentiate itself from it competitors, and take the company globally. He made sure that everyone in the firm knew these goals and how to reach the goals. Ford has picked up sales by 25% and is 1. 4 points on market share, where the two of its competitors lost. Allan Mulally made sure that everyone was involved in every operation that was taking place in the organization and that everyone understood the goals. He built trust by communicating with his employees and by being open. There were no secrets at Ford, everyone knew the plan. At Ford, the 12 functional departments and Mulally himself held meetings on every Thursday. In the meeting Mulally wants to know everything and he involves everyone from manufacturing to human resource to participate. His intentions were to communicate and be able to open about the problems that had occurred and find ways to work on it. I think Allan Mulally’s leadership style is very effective because I believe in communication and the involvement of everyone from every field of a company. By being open and communicating with his employees, he built trust, respect, and motivated his employees. He’s also a risk taker, passionate or very driven and a strong person. He set goals to achieve and he managed to find ways achieve those goals. I think, he definitely should continue with his style of leadership.

Health promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health promotion - Research Paper Example These strategies are supported by five priority action areas as outlined in the Ottawa Charter for health promotion; build healthy public policy, create supportive environments for health, strengthen community action for health, develop personal skills and re-orient health services. Three of the most common health problems that affect people include cervical cancer, obesity and Hypertension (HTN). Cervical Cancer Considered a prevalent condition among the immigrant Americans, cervical cancer is associated with numerous risk factors; against which campaign are fostered to curb the its effects. Although vaccination against cervical cancer is available, timely testing and screening aid in the prevention and management; ultimately reducing the incidence by 80%. Rampant cases in the US are reported among the Vietnamese and non-Latina women immigrants largely associated with limited access to Pap testing. Drastic measures to curb the disparities include awareness campaigns, encouraging adm inistration of primary care by PCPs, and increase patient-provider communication. Cervix in relation to upper part of vagina and posterior portion of uterus The cervix is the narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top of the vagina. Most cancers of the cervix are squamous cell carcinomas which are in the flattened epithelial cells that line the cervix. Symptoms such as pelvic pain, heavy bleeding from the vagina, leaking of urine or faeces from the vagina, back pain, leg pain, single swollen leg, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, and bone fractures indicate advanced cervical cancer (Green & Kreuter, 1991). Certain risk factors according to the American cancer society include: Chlamydia infection, multiple pregnancies, exposure to the hormonal drug diethylstilbestrol stress and stress related disorders, HPV infection, smoking, HIV infection, diatary factors, hormonal contraception, and family history of cervical cancer. Other risk factors especially for young pers ons are: early age at first intercourse and first pregnancy, compounded by early use of oral contraceptives. There has not been any definitive evidence to support the claim that circumcision of the male partner reduces the risk of cervical cancer, although some researchers say there is compelling epidemiological evidence that men who have been circumcised are less likely to be infected with HPV. However, in men with low-risk sexual behaviour and monogamous female partners, circumcision makes no difference to the risk of cervical cancer (Green & Kreuter, 1991). According to Pham, et al (2003), biopsy procedures is an effective screening test, confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer which is done through colposcopy aided by dilute acetic acid like vinegar solution to highlight abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. Precancerous lesions are exposed to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia the potential precursor to cervical cancer which is often diagnosed by a pathologist. For premalignant dysplastic changes the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grading is used. The subtypes of cancer include; squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour, glassy cell carcinoma, villoglandular adenocarcinoma. Non-carcinoma malignancies which can rarely occur in the cervix include; melanoma and lymphoma. According to Mock, et al (2007), prevention of cervical cancer

Strategic Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Marketing - Research Paper Example The majority of marketing scholars addresses strategic marketing as a continuous, long-term process, one that is concerned with clarifying the present state of the institution, a series of coordinated steps along a clearly defined route, while others speak to strategic planning as the organization’s defining of a mission and strategies to achieve goals and objectives in the most effective manner. This paper aims to examine and analyze customer orientation perspective of strategic marketing, with a specific focus on customer orientation, consumer behavior and relationship marketing. In a customer-oriented organization, the process of identifying and responding to the interests and needs of the customer is crucial, and must be viewed as the key element of the company’s strategic business plan. In a customer-oriented organization, quality is defined by the one who uses and ultimately benefits from the specific product or service, that being the customer or client. Those at the helm of successful businesses realize that the focus of the organization must be aligned with creating customer satisfaction above all else (Hinton & Schaeffer, 1994). Everyone’s job is defined by the customer. It is the customer, after all, who ultimately, defines how well the product or service is to be created, or delivered (Webster, 1994). As Jack Welch, the highly acclaimed CEO of General Electric, often reminded his employees, â€Å"Companies can’t give job security. Only customers can!† (Kotler, 1999, p. 20). The managers of responsive organizations focus on customer satisfaction, and make every effort to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers (Kotler & Armstrong, 1999). Forler Massnick, author of The Customer is CEO (1997), stakes a claim for TQM (Total Quality Management) by emphasizing that value is defined and determined by the customer. This practice of continuous product improvement, viewed through

Summary for a two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Summary for a two articles - Essay Example The article being reviewed by DeHoog emphasizes upon the core issues, values, market management strategies and policies related with the management of public service contracts (p.66). In this concise commentary DeHoog has mentioned the weaknesses and strengths of the authors’ points being presented in the article. He has thoroughly reviewed the issues being discussed by the authors and their approaches to discuss those issues. The critic appreciates certain elements of the article under observation (for example, the comprehensive connections between the theory and practice of contracting) and disapproves of others (for example, the neglecting of certain â€Å"nuances† of contracting). The author believes that the impact of political power in terms of contracting has been underplayed in this study; there is a political agenda at plat behind the upsurge of the contracting business that has not been touched in the article. The authors of that article are more inclined towards taking contracting as a managerial service, and so they tend to eliminate the strong role of evolving political situations in contracting. DeHoog claims that the authors have managed to put forth a clear structured guide for contracting practitioners and students, yet they have failed to emphasize that this employment is neither a clear cut business, nor an easy one. Moreover, he says that his view has been shaped by the stinging questions that emerge due to the severe opportunist culture and corruption of the whole affair even in places where competent workers are hired. He says that these authors have failed to point out the extent of political impact on discussion making; their values are economy, a pro-business philosophy and an election-coalition building value. While balancing stakeholders, unaware managers might not even understand the hold of these pressures on their services, and perhaps those who know would conveniently

A topic of your choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A topic of your choice - Essay Example They will begin to develop physical problems such as eye damage due to extreme exposure to light from the computer. Health concerns will manifest in terms of dizziness and headaches which may turn severe in the long run thus leading to damage in the brain cells and other parts of the body. They further argued that video games being an indoor activity, will not allow the children to go out and play with their age-mates which in turn will lower their chances of being fit as well as the ability to adapt socially with the environment. As a result, the children will not be able to interact well with other people hence leading a life of isolation and low self-esteem. Their academic performance were likely to decline as they will not be able to cope up well in class. They are aware that some of the video games are violent hence will make the children to be very hostile as they grow up thus become irresponsible adults. I tended to agree with their line of thinking, however they failed to consider some of the benefits of video games to children and I took time to inform them of the advantages so that they could consider buying them for the children. I told them that one of the advantages of video games is that they increase creativity among children as they engage in challenging experiences with the games. They also inculcate a taste for graphics, technology and design thus will tend to widen the scope of career paths for the children. The challenging games tend to sharpen their brains through mental stimulation and relieving them from anxiety or any form of pain. Since most of the games are played by more than one person, it will increase their team-playing abilities thus honing their communication and interactive skills. In relation to their academic performance, the games will facilitate their ability to solve problems in

Determining Best Practices of Effective School Communication Dissertation

Determining Best Practices of Effective School Communication - Dissertation Example As the purpose of the study is to research highly dependable communicative means to be used by schools, it is also the aim of this study to validate that motivation of the parents help school-going students to perform better. The introduction to the topic includes a background to the research topic of determining best practices of effective school communication, the problem statement, the purpose statement, research questions, theoretical framework, nature of the research, scope of the research, its assumptions, limitations and delimitations, besides the importance of the research work in the context of its implications for social change, ending in the summary of the introduction. Research Theory and Research Strategy Methodology for the research is theory based, totally depending on qualitative research method for the analysis of the conducted research. A qualitative research needs to comprehend processes, happenings, and connections between them from social and cultural perspective s. Qualitative research demands no numerical calculations to prove the facts, as it is based on direct information availing from people and social communities in favorable surroundings (Sociology, 2003). As my research is based on similar tenets of interviewing parents on how communication level with school teachers can be enhanced and find out the causes of their inactivity in participation, the qualitative research method is the right choice. My research strategy will be segregated into three phases, first is the introductory phase, which will be followed by the second phase, the main event, after which validation, the third phase will take off. In the first phase the concept of effective school communication with given objectives of the research will be marked for piloting. The distinct aspect of qualitative research is that it helps in explaining the topic and understanding the issues in natural settings on the basis of the experiences, beliefs, and thinking of all participants (Sociology, 2003). The interview of participating parents in the first stage will help in briefing the parents the purpose of the interview in the informal way. The second phase will touch all the research questions deeply, to elicit participants’ opinions on each one of all the five research questions. As the research design of my methodology is observer-participant, the data description will state the behavior, reaction, and practices of the parents. Parents’ answers will be analyzed to get relevant inputs (Sociology, 2003). My role of observing the parents will be very significant here, to correctly state their views and experiences. I need to be friendly enough with the participating parents to create the perfect setting where they express their anguish or appreciation of the school administration without any inhibitions. Further, my qualitative phenomenological research will help in discussing the singular critical question, as experienced by various participants. The phenomenological methodology research strategy will assist me in understanding the parents’ perspectives, as observed from their angle. There are other methodological roots, as symbolic inter-action and ethnography, employed in qualitative field research but phenomenological